Drainage System

Trans-Himalayan Rivers

Trans-Himalayan rivers are rivers that originate beyond (north of) the main Himalayan range, mostly from the Tibetan Plateau, and flow through the Himalayas into the Indian subcontinent.

 Major Trans-Himalayan Rivers:

1. Indus River

   • Origin: Lake Mansarovar (Tibet)

   • Flows through: Tibet → Ladakh (India) → Pakistan

   • Mouth: Arabian Sea

2. Sutlej River

   • Origin: Rakshastal Lake near Mansarovar (Tibet)

   • Flows through: Tibet → Himachal Pradesh → Punjab

   • Joins: Indus River in Pakistan

3. Brahmaputra River

   • Origin: Chemayungdung Glacier near Mansarovar (Tibet)

   • Known as: Tsangpo in Tibet

   • Flows through: Tibet → Arunachal Pradesh → Assam → Bangladesh

   • Joins: Ganga (Padma) and flows into Bay of Bengal

Names in different regions:

• Tsangpo (Tibet)

• Dihang (Arunachal Pradesh)

• Brahmaputra (Assam)

• Jamuna (Bangladesh)

Names in different regions:

• Tsangpo (Tibet)

• Dihang (Arunachal Pradesh)

• Brahmaputra (Assam)

• Jamuna (Bangladesh)

It originates in the Baikal Mountains, south of the Central Siberian Plateau and west of Lake Baikal, and flows northeast until it empties in the Laptev Sea and the Arctic Ocean southwest of the New Siberian Islands.

This river originates from the plateau of Tibet. The Yellow River is called the "Mother River of China" and "the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. "The Yellow River is also known as the Sorrow of China because it changed its course and caused frequent floods.

The term "China's Sorrow" was born from the tendency of the Yellow River to overflow its banks and cause devastating floods

It originates from the Andes Mountains and falls into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Amazon River passes through the following countries:

1. Peru — The river originates in the Andes Mountains of Peru.

2. Colombia — It flows through southern Colombia.

3. Brazil — The majority of the river’s course runs through Brazil before it empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

Sure! Here’s a brief summary of the stages of a river:

1. Upper Course

• Steep slope, fast flow

• Narrow, shallow channel

• Vertical erosion (deep valleys, waterfalls)

2. Middle Course

• Moderate slope and flow

• Wider, deeper channel

• Lateral erosion (meanders form)

• Some deposition

3. Lower Course

• Gentle slope, slow flow

• Very wide and deep channel

• Mainly deposition (floodplains, deltas, oxbow lakes)

major rivers of Europe with their countries and where they empty: