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Ecology

📆 September 25, 2024

Total Questions: 88

1. 'Ecology' is the study of the relationship between- [U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Pre) 2014 ]

Correct Answer: (a) Organism and environment
Solution:The term ecology was derived from two Greek words 'Oikos' meaning home and 'logos' meaning study. Ecology is the branch of biology concerned with the relations of organisms to one another (energy flow and mineral cycling) and to their physical surroundings (environment).Ecology encompasses the study of individual, organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere which form the various levels of ecological organisation.

An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment such that energy is exchanged and system-level processes, such as the cycling of elements, emerge.

2. The term Ecosystem was proposed by - [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

Correct Answer: (d) Tansley
Solution:The term ecology was derived from two Greek words 'Oikos' meaning home and 'logos' meaning study. Ecology is the branch of biology concerned with the relations of organisms to one another (energy flow and mineral cycling) and to their physical surroundings (environment).Ecology encompasses the study of individual, organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere which form the various levels of ecological organisation.

An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment such that energy is exchanged and system-level processes, such as the cycling of elements, emerge.

3. which of the following is not correct about the ecosystem? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]

Correct Answer: (c) It is a closed system.
Solution:The term ecology was derived from two Greek words 'Oikos' meaning home and 'logos' meaning study. Ecology is the branch of biology concerned with the relations of organisms to one another (energy flow and mineral cycling) and to their physical surroundings (environment).Ecology encompasses the study of individual, organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere which form the various levels of ecological organisation.

An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment such that energy is exchanged and system-level processes, such as the cycling of elements, emerge.

4. Which four components constitute an ecosystem? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Abiotic materials, Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
Solution:The term ecology was derived from two Greek words 'Oikos' meaning home and 'logos' meaning study. Ecology is the branch of biology concerned with the relations of organisms to one another (energy flow and mineral cycling) and to their physical surroundings (environment).Ecology encompasses the study of individual, organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere which form the various levels of ecological organisation.

An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment such that energy is exchanged and system-level processes, such as the cycling of elements, emerge.

5. Which of the following is not true about the ecosystem? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (d) It is a closed-system.
Solution:An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.

Important features of ecology are:

*It is normally an open system with a continuous, but variable influx and loss of materials and energy.

*An ecosystem is an overall integration of the whole mosaic of the interacting organism and their environment.

*It is a basic functional unit with no limits of boundaries.

*It consists of biotic and abiotic components interacting with each other.

*Its functional unit is capable of energy transformation, circulation and accumulation.

Different types of the ecosystem are present in different areas.

6. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other as the Reason (R). [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]

Assertion (A) : The biosphere is an example of an open system.

Reason (R) : There cannot be reinvestment of new substances in the biosphere but there is no restriction on the investment and exit of energy.

Select the correct answer using the codes below:

Correct Answer: (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
Solution:The biosphere is an example of as open system. The input and output of substances take place in their system. There can be reinvestment of new substances in the biosphere. The biosphere is that part of the Earth where living things thrive and live. It is the portion of the planet that can sustain life. The Earth has three other spheres: the atmosphere, the lithosphere, and the hydrosphere. However, not all of them are inhabited by living things. The portions or regions where organisms are found are collectively called the biosphere. Thus, it can also be said that the biosphere is the sum of all the ecosystems on Earth. The biosphere is a term that encompasses all the ecosystems on Earth. It, therefore, includes both non-living elements (like sunlight and water) and living organisms

7. Which one of the following is the largest ecosystem of the earth? [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (d) Biosphere
Solution:The largest ecosystem of the earth is Biosphere. The biosphere is a part of the earth where life can exist. It is a highly integrated and interacting zone comprising of atmosphere (air) hydrosphere (water) and lithosphere (land). It is a narrow layer around the surface of the earth. The biosphere is absent at extremes of the North and South Poles, the highest mountains and the deepest oceans.

Biosphere

Biosphere

8. The actual location or place where an organism lives is called: [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (a) Habitat
Solution:The location or place where an organism lives is called a habitat. The organisms depend for their food, water, air, shelter and other needs on their habitat. A biome is a plant and animal community that covers a large geographical area. Some of the major biomes of the world are: forest, grassland, desert and tundra biomes.

All the habitats can be divided into two main groups:

(i) Terrestrial and
(ii) Aquatic habitats

A land based habitat is called a terrestrial habitat. Plant and animals which live on land are said to live in a terrestrial habitats.

Examples of terrestrial habitats are: Desert, Mountains (or Hills), Forest, Grassland, Garden, Field Soil and Homes.

A water based habitat is called an aquatic habitat. Plants and animals which live in water are said to live in an aquatic habitat. Example of aquatic habitats are: Ponds, River, Swamps (an area of waterlogged ground) and Oceans (or Sea).

A habitat includes both biotic and abiotic components of the environment. The habitat also includes the interactions between the biotic and abiotic components of the environment.

9. Which one of the following is the best description of the 'ecosystem'? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2015 ]

Correct Answer: (c) A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
Solution:All the organisms and the abiotic components of the environment from the ecosystem of the place. thus ecology deals with the organism and its environment. Ecosystems, coined by Arthur Tansley in 1935, are dynamic systems where living organisms interact with their non-living environment. They vary in composition, species diversity, and non-biological components, involving energy flow and material cycling. It can be as large as the entire Biosphere itself or as small as a log of wood, each hosting the various components of the ecosystem interacting together.

The study of ecosystems focuses on their structure and function. These complex systems face threats that can degrade, fragment, or destroy them, impacting the delicate balance crucial for supporting life. Understanding these threats is vital for preserving biodiversity and the health of the ecosystems globally.

Ecosystems function through various processes and interactions between their biotic and abiotic components. These processes include the flow of energy and material (nutrients) among the components of the ecosystem, which are essential for maintaining the balance and sustainability of the ecosystem.

10. Which one of the following is the correct order of biological organization ranging from organism to biosphere? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 ]

Correct Answer: (c) Population - Community - Ecosystem - Landscape
Solution:The correct order of biological organization ranging from organism to biosphere is - A population is a group of individuals within the same species, within the same area, and that are capable of reproducing with one another. A community is a defined as the populations of two or more species within the same geographical area and within the same time period. An ecosystem is a community along with its abiotic (non-liv- ing) components, such as the water and air. A biome is a large ecological area with similar climatic conditions. A biome can have multiple ecosystems within it. The biosphere includes all living organisms along with the spheres they interact with (lithosphere, hydrosphere, etc.). Several communities together form an ecosystem. One or more ecosystems are found in a fixed terrain.
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