HomeMock TestState PCSRailwaySSCHSSCDSSSBRO/AROUPSC

Ecology

📆 September 25, 2024

Total Questions: 88

81. With reference to ecological niche, which of the following statements is/are correct? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

  1. It represents the range of conditions that it can tolerate the resources it utilizes and its functional role in ecological system.
  2. Each species has a distinct niche.

Select the correct answer from the code given below:

Code:

 

 

Correct Answer: (a) Both 1 and 2
Solution:Ecological niche is a term for the position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of conditions necessary for persistence of the species, and its ecological role in the ecosystem. Ecological niche subsumes all the interactions between species and the biotic and abiotic environment.

82. Read the list of Ecological concerns and the year in which Acts were executed in India : [R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013]

Ecological concernsAct was passed in
A. Wildlife Protection(i) 1986
B. Environment Protection(ii) 2013
C. The Scheduled tribes and other Traditional Forest Dweller's (Recognition of Forest Rights) act(iii) 1972
D. The Forest Conservation Act(iv) 1988

Which of the following is not correctly matched?

Codes

ABCD
(a) (iii) (i)(ii)(iv)
(b)(iv)(ii)(iii)(i)
(c)(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
(d)(ii)(iii)(iv)(i)
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:The correctly matched list is as follows:
Ecological concernsAct was passed in
A. Wildlife Protection(i) 1972
B. Environment Protection(ii) 1986
C. The Scheduled tribes and other Traditional Forest Dweller's (Recognition of Forest Rights) act(iii) 2006
D. The Forest Conservation Act(iv) 1980

Hence, none of the option is correctly matched.

83. Which of the following shows a density gradient of the water system [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Pycnocline
Solution:
  • Pycnocline: refers to a zone in the ocean where density changes rapidly with depth. This change in density is primarily due to temperature and, to a lesser extent, salinity.
  • Halocline: is a zone of rapid change in salinity with depth.
  • Thermocline: is a zone of rapid change in temperature with depth.
  • Ecocline: is a geographical term related to the transition zone between different ecosystems.

84. In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase the marine productivity by bringing the: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

1. Decomposer micro-organisms to the surface.

2. Nutrients to the surface.

3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (b) 2 Only
Solution:Winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Water then rises up from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed away. This process is called "upwelling. Water that rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically colder & is rich in nutrients. These nutrients "fertilize" surface waters, meaning that these surface waters often have high biological productivity. Therefore, good fishing grounds are found where upwelling is common.

85. Concerning 'Eco-Sensitive Zones', which of the following statements is/are correct? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]

  1.  Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
  2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities in those zones except agriculture.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution:Eco - sensitive zones are mentioned under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.

Prohibited activities: Tourism activities like flying over protected areas in an aircraft or hot air balloon, and discharge of effluents and solid waste in natural water bodies or terrestrial areas.

Regulated activities: Felling of trees, establishment of hotels and resorts, commercial use of natural water, erection of electrical cables, drastic change of agriculture system, e.g. adoption of heavy technology, pesticides etc. widening of roads.

Permitted activities: Ongoing agriculture and horticulture practices by local communities, rainwater harvesting, organic farming, adoption of green technology and use of renewable energy sources. Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

86. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R). [U.P.R.O./A.R.O.(Mains) 2016, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

Assertion (A): Various components of an ecosystem are not interdependent.
Reason (R): Human activities have the impacts on the environment.
Choose the correct answer from the code given below. Code:

Correct Answer: (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Solution:All organisms in an ecosystem depend upon each other. If the population of one organism rises or falls, then this can affect the rest of the ecosystem. If the foxes in the food chain above were killed, the population of rabbits would increase because they are no longer prey to the foxes. So Assertion A is incorrect. Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water. So R is correct.

87. Which of the following is an example of human made biome [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (d) Crop land
Solution:Crop land is an example of human made biome or Anthropogenic biomes, also called anthromes, are ecological patterns shaped by long-term interactions between humans and ecosystems. They represent human-modified forms of ecosystems where there is sustained direct interaction between humans and the environment.

Cropland is created and maintained by humans for agricultural purposes. Farmers cultivate specific crops, often monocultures, and manage the land through various practices like irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. Natural biomes, like forests, grasslands, and deserts, develop and function with minimal human intervention. They are shaped by natural processes, and their biodiversity and stability depend on those processes.

88. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

  1.   Most of the world's coral reefs are in tropical waters.
  2. More than one-third of the world's coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines.
  3. Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:Corals are invertebrate animals. Reefs are created by hard corals which secrete a skeleton that can turn into giant structures like Australia's 'Great Barrier Reef. Most of the world's coral reefs are located in tropical oceans near the equator. More than one-third of the world's coral reef is located in the territories of Australia. Indonesia and Philippines. Coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. These tropical marine communities occupy less than 1% of the ocean floor but are inhabited by more than 25% of all known marine fish species. 32 of the 34 recognized animal phyla are formed on coral reefs compared to 9 phyla in tropical rainforests.
Home  | Mock Test  | State PCS  | Railway  | SSC  | HSSC  | DSSSB  | RO/ARO  | UPSC  | 
© 2024 Mock Test 365 | All Rights Reserved