Economic Impact of British Rule on India

Total Questions: 49

21. Who started Ryotwari system? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]

(a) Thomas Munro
(b) Martin Burda
(c) Cornwallis
(d) Lord Dalhousie

Correct Answer: (a) Thomas Munro

Solution:Ryotwari System was the second system of collection of land revenue after Permanent Settlement. Thomas Munro and Captain Reed were the founder of this system. This system was first introduced in Baramahal district (Tamilnadu). After that this system was introduction in Madras, Eastern Bengal, Assam, Coorgh and some areas of Bombay. In Ryotwari System, the ownership rights were transferred to the peasants. British government collected taxes directly from the peasants. around 51% British occupied Indian area was included in this system. The high rate of taxes and strictness during collection became a significant cause of struggle between money lenders and peasants.

22. The Ryotwari settlement was introduced by the British in the [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001, I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

(a) Bengal Presidency
(b) Madras Presidency
(c) Bombay Presidency
(d) Madras & Bombay Presidency

Correct Answer: (d) Madras & Bombay Presidency

23. The English introduced the Ryotwari System for the first time in [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

(a) Bengal Presidency
(b) Agra
(c) Bombay Presidency
(d) Madras Presidency

Correct Answer: (d) Madras Presidency

Solution:Ryotwari System was a method of revenue collection in British India. It was prevalent on most of Southern India is the standard system of Madras Presidency. The system was devised by Alexander Read and Thomas Munro. It was introduced by Thomas Munro when he was the Governor of Madras.

24. With reference to Ryotwari Settlement, consider the following statements [I.A.D. (Pre) 2012]

1. The rent was paid directly by the peasants to the Government.

2. The Government gave Pattas to the Ryots.

3. The lands were surveyed and assessed before being taxed.

Which of the statement (s) given above is/are correct?

(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (c) 1,2 and 3

Solution:Thomas Munro introduced Ryotwari system in 1820 A.D. The major area included Madras, some parts of Bombay, eastern Bengal, Assam and kurg.

In the Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over the peasants. British government collected taxes directly from the peasants.

25. The system under which the peasant himself owns the land and is responsible for payment of land revenue to the Government is known as: [65th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

(a) Zamindar System
(b) Ryotwari System
(c) Mahalwari System
(d) Dahsala System
(e) None of the above /More than of the above

Correct Answer: (b) Ryotwari System

Solution:Under the Ryotwari system, the farmer himself is the owner of the land and is held responsible for the payment of land revenue to the government.

26. Who among the following said "The Ryotwari is a system which has always prevailed in India"? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

(a) John Shore
(b) Alexander Duff
(c) Captain Reed
(d) Thomas Munro

Correct Answer: (d) Thomas Munro

Solution:Ryotwari system started by Thomas Munro and Alexander Reed in Baramahal district of Tamilnadu. According to this system the Ryots were given the ownership and rights to occupy the lands and they were required to pay the revenue directly to the government. thomas Munro had said regarding this system that. "That Ryotwari is a system which has always prevailed in India.

27. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

Assertion (A) : The British Government introduced different land revenue system in different part of India.

Reason (R) : It led to create different classes in Indian peasantry.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

code:

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Solution:British government followed different land revenue systems in different parts of India. These system were: Permanent settlement, Ryotwari & Mahalwari. Permanent settlement was introduced in Bengal, Bihar Odisha & Varansi of U.P. Under this system around 19% area of entire British India was included. Ryotwari (approx. 51% area) system was in Madras, some parts of Mumbai, Eastern Bengal, Assam, Kurg. Mahalwari (around 30% area) system around was in U.P. Central Province, Punjab. Hence it is clear that because of this, different classes were created in Indian peasantry. Hence option (a) is correct.

28. When was the Punjab Land Alienation Act passed? [63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]

(a) 1850
(b) 1895
(c) 1900
(d)1905
(e) None of the above /More than one of the above

Solution:Punjab Land Alienation Act was passed in 1900 AD due to which land transfer from farmers to non-farmers was stopped.

The Punjab Land Alienation Act of 1900 was a law passed by the British Raj to limit the transfer of land ownership in Punjab Province. The act was intended to protect the interests of agriculturists and prevent moneylenders from acquiring land. Restricted the transfer of land from agricultural to non-agricultural classes. Created an "agricultural tribes" category, membership of which was almost compulsory to buy or sell land. Empowered district revenue officers to veto transfers made in contravention of the law. Placed a 15-year limitation on all land purchases and mortgages. The Indian National Congress passed a resolution against the act in 1899. The Indian Leaders and the Press strongly opposed the act. The National Unionist Party was formed as a direct result of the act.

29. When was the first tea company in Assam established? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]

(a) 1835
(b) 1837
(c) 1839
(d) 1841

Correct Answer: (c) 1839

Solution:The Assam Company was formed in England in England in 1839 A.D. with capital of Rs. 5 lakh. The Assam company with its headquater in Nazira in Assam, is the oldest tea company of Assam which is still functioning.

30. Who introduced the system of Mahalwari Settlement in Bengal? [68th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Lord Hastings
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Holt Mackenzie
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) Holt Mackenzie

Solution:Mahalwari system was devised by Holt Meckenzie in 1822 in the Bengal Presidency. Under this system, the land revenue was collected from the farmers by treating whole village as single unit called 'Mahal'. The revenue was not fixed but revised periodically.

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