Economics Miscellaneous (Part – IV)

Total Questions: 52

31. With reference to India, consider the following Central Acts: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947

2. Mining and Mineral Development (Regulation) Act 1957

3. Customs Act, 1962

4. Indian Forest Act, 1927

Which of the above Acts have relevance to/bearing on the biodiversity conservation in the country?

(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1,2,3 and 4
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) 1,2,3 and 4

Solution:All four Acts are related to biodiversity. Import and export of GMOs or exotic species is prohibited whereas certain medicinal plants are subjected to high customs duties to regulate their trade. Mines regulation and forest conservation anyway involve provisions related to biodiversity conservation.

Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining the stability of the ecosystems. For example:

Rainforests, contribute both to the process of soil formation and help to regulate the climate through photosynthesis by producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide.
Wetlands act as sponge-like reservoirs in dry weather and help to filter and purify water.
Coral reefs and mangrove swamps protect the land that they surround by reducing the effects of erosion and also acts as first line of defence during disaster like Tsunamis, Storm surge etc.

32. The Indian Patents Act came into force in: [U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]

(a) 1970
(b) 1971
(c) 1972
(d) 1973

Solution:In 1957, the Government of India appointed Justice N. Rajagopala Ayyangar Committee to examine the question of revision of the Patent Law and advise government accordingly. On the recommendation of this committee, the Patent Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 21 September, 1965, which however lapsed. In 1967, again an amended bill was introduced which was referred to a joint Parliamentary Committee and on the final recommendation of the Committee, the Patents Act, 1970 was passed. This Act repealed and replaced the 1911 Act so far as the patents law was concerned. Most of the provisions of the 1970 Act were brought into force on 20th April, 1972 with publication of the Patent Rules, 1972.

33. The Patents (Second Amendment) Bill was finally passed by the Indian Parliament in: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]

(a) 1999
(b) 2000
(c) 2001
(d) 2002

Correct Answer: (d) 2002

Solution:The Patents (Second Amendment) Bill was finally passed by the Indian Parliament in 2002 and it was enacted as Act 38 of 2002. The Patents (Amendment) Act, 2002 made the second amendment to the 1970 Act and this Act came into force on 20th May 2003. The third amendment to the Patents Act 1970 was introduced through the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004 w.e.f. 1st January, 2005. This Ordinance was later replaced by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005.

34. World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on: [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) March 15
(b) April 18
(c) September 27
(d) December 10

Correct Answer: (a) March 15

Solution:The consumer movement marks 15th March with 'World Consumer Rights Day' every year, as a means of raising global awareness about consumer rights and needs. It was inspired by President John F. Kennedy, who sent a special message regarding consumer rights to the U.S. Congress on 15th March, 1962.

The theme this year(2025) is 'A just transition to sustainable lifestyles.' which is celebrated to spread the awareness of protecting buyers from unfair market policies, misleading advertisements and unsafe products. The day is celebrated by activists, organisations and governments through organising discussions, workshops and campaigns on World Consumer Rights Day 2025 to educate people about their rights. In this article, we are going to cover the objectives, features and importance of World Consumer Rights Day 2025.

35. Which one of the following brings out the publication called 'Energy Statistics' from time-to-time? [LA.S. (Pre) 2009]

(a) Central Power Research Institute
(b) Planning Commission
(c) Power Finance Corporation Ltd.
(d) Central Statistical Organization
(e) National Statistical Office

Correct Answer: (e) National Statistical Office

Solution:National Statistical Office (Earlier Central Statistical Office) of Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India brings out the publication called 'En- ergy Statistics' on annual basis. It is to be noted that NSSO was merged with CSO to form National Statistical Office (NSO)

Key Highlights of Energy Statistics India 2025 Report

Energy Supply and Consumption Trends: India's Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) grew by 7.8% in 2023-24 despite global uncertainties. TPES is a country's total available energy, including domestic production and imports, exported energy (subtracted off) and international transport use.
Per capita energy consumption increased from 14,682 Mega Joules (MJ) (2014-15) to 18,410 MJ (2023-24), with a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 2.55%, indicating better energy access and improved living standards.
The industrial sector is India's largest energy consumer, with demand rising from 2.42 lakh KTOE in 2014-15 to 3.12 lakh KTOE in 2023-24.

36. According to the report of CAG appearing in the year 2000, per capita annual allocation of Kerosene oil to the following States was the lowest in the country. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001]

1. U.P., Rajasthan, M.P.

2. Odisha, Bihar

3. Gujarat, Goa

4. Punjab, Maharashtra, Delhi

Codes:

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(b) 1 and 3
(d) 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (a) 1 and 2

Solution:According to report of CAG published in the year 2000, per capita annual allocation of Kerosene oil was 7.56 Kg per capita in Odisha (lowest), 7.86 Kg per capita in Bihar, 8.05 Kg per capita in Madhya Pradesh, 8.22 Kg per capita in Rajasthan and 8.47 Kg per capita in Uttar Pradesh.

There are various reasons behind reduction in the consumption of Kerosene are listed below.
1. Health risks associated with kerosene.
2. Government commitment to provide cash incentives to states that succeed in reducing kerosene consumption.
3. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana - Scheme launched by Government of India played a big role in the consumption of kerosene. This scheme helped in increasing the number of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) consumers in India.
4. A big increase of the households getting access to grid electricity.

37. In which of the following States 'Bahini Darbar' a monthly newspaper, by the women and for the women is published? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

(a) West Bengal
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Madhya Pradesh

Correct Answer: (d) Madhya Pradesh

Solution:'Bahini Darbar' a monthly newspaper has been published from Dabhora block of Java tehsil of Rewa district in Madhya Pradesh from 2008. It is a handwritten newspaper in Bagheli language. This newspaper is by the women and for the women.

Bahini Darbar started in 2008 in the Dabhora block of Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh, after a group of tribal women were denied access to a hand pump.
The newspaper covers local issues, including social injustices, and provides information on how to resolve them.
Bahini Darbar has grown from 15 to 700 members across 25 villages, showcasing its impact on the community.
The women involved in Bahini Darbar have overcome challenges, including a lack of printing press access, by hand-copying and distributing the newspaper.
Bahini Darbar also has a presence on social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.

38. According to estimates made in 2013-14, which of the following countries has maximum green house gas emission? [U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014*]

(a) USA
(b) Germany
(c) India
(d) China

Correct Answer: (d) China

Solution:As per the question period and at present, China has the maximum green house gas emission. According to the Euro- pean Commission's JRC Science for Policy Report (GHG Emissions of All World Countries), 2023, the maximum green house gas emitting countries in the year 2022 are: China > US>India.

Atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (N2O), water vapour, and chlorofluorocarbons can trap the outgoing infrared radiation from the earth's surface, causing the greenhouse effect.
Hence, these gases are known as greenhouse gases, and the heating effect is known as the greenhouse effect.

39. From which year Sixth Pay Commission report has been implemented? [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]

(a) 2006
(b) 2005
(c) 2007
(d) 2008

Correct Answer: (a) 2006

Solution:The recommendations of 6th Central Pay Commission headed by B.N. Srikrishna had been implemented from 2006. The 7th Central Pay Commission, headed by Justice A.K. Mathur, submitted its report to Finance Minister in November, 2015. The Commission's recommendations came into effect from 1 January, 2016. The Central Government constitutes the Pay Commission almost every 10 years to revise the pay scale of its employees and often these are adopted by States after some modifications.

40. Indian Institute of Carpet Technology has been established in which of the following districts of Uttar Pradesh? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006]

(a) Agra
(b) Mirzapur
(c) Moradabad
(d) Sant Kabir Nagar
(e) Bhadohi

Correct Answer: (e) Bhadohi

Solution:The Indian Institute of Carpet Technology popularly known as IICT, the only of its kind in Asia, has been set up by Ministry of Textiles, Government of India to provide much needed support to textile, carpet and allied industries. The institute started functioning from 2001. The institute is located in Bhadohi District of Uttar Pradesh.

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