ECOSYSTEM (Part-I)

11. Carbon and energy requirements of an autotrophic organism are fulfilled by : [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 13.08.2021 (Shift-III]

(a) Glycogenation
(b) Locomotion
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Respiration

Correct Answer: (c) Photosynthesis

Solution:Carbon and energy requirements of autotrophic organisms (such as plants) are fulfilled by photosynthesis. In this process, green parts of the plant, like leaves, combine sunlight, CO₂, and water in the presence of chlorophyll to form the energy molecule glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆).

12. Which one of the following is a terrestrial ecosystem? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 9.10.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Pond
(b) Lake
(c) Semi-arid area
(d) River

Correct Answer: (c) Semi-arid area

Solution:Semi-arid area
A terrestrial ecosystem is found on land. Ponds, lakes, and rivers are aquatic ecosystems. A semi-arid area, like a grassland or shrubland, is a land-based ecosystem.

13. Human Beings belong to which category of the ecosystem? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 7.02.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Omnivores
(b) Carnivores
(c) Herbivores
(d) Zooplankton

Correct Answer: (a) Omnivores

Solution:Omnivores
Human beings consume both plants and animals, placing them in the omnivore category.

14. A mango tree is an example of a/an: [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 10.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Pseudotroph
(b) Ambitroph
(c) Autotroph
(d) Heterotroph

Correct Answer: (c) Autotroph

Solution:Autotroph
A mango tree produces its own food through photosynthesis. Organisms that produce their own food are called autotrophs.

15. At which level of the food chain do the herbivores or the primary consumers exist? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 12.10.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth

Correct Answer: (b) Second

Solution:Second
The food chain starts with producers (plants) at the first trophic level. Herbivores, which eat plants (the producers), occupy the second trophic level as primary consumers.

16. Herbivores form the ______ trophic level in a food chain. [S.S.C. Online M.T.S. (T-I) 14.10.2021 (Shift-I]

(a) First
(b) Fourth
(c) Second
(d) Third

Correct Answer: (c) Second

Solution:Second
Herbivores are primary consumers and occupy the second trophic level in a food chain.

17. Which organisms directly or indirectly depend on producers for their subsistence? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 11.10.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) consumer
(b) producer
(c) Carnivores
(d) none of these

Correct Answer: (a) consumer

Solution:Consumer
Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms. Directly or indirectly, all consumers depend on the producers (plants) for their energy and sustenance.

18. The herbivores are also called ______ . [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 13.10.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Primary consumers
(b) Secondary consumers
(c) Tertiary consumers
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (a) Primary consumers

Solution:Primary consumers
Herbivores are animals that feed on plants (producers), making them the primary consumers in a food chain.

19. Which of the following does not come under consumer? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 10.10.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) vegetarian
(b) non-vegetarian
(c) omnivorous
(d) Autotrophs

Correct Answer: (d) Autotrophs

Solution:Autotrophs
Consumers obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Vegetarians (eat plants), non-vegetarians (eat animals), and omnivores (eat both) are all types of consumers. Autotrophs produce their own food and are not consumers.

20. Which one of the following correctly represents the food chain? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 21.09.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Grass → Frog → Insect → Eagle → Snake
(b) Grass → Moth → Frog → Snake → Eagle
(c) Grass → snake → Eagle → insect → Frog
(d) Grass → eagle → snake → insect → frog

Correct Answer: (b) Grass → Moth → Frog → Snake → Eagle

Solution: Grass → Moth → Frog → Snake → Eagle
A food chain shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Grass is a producer, the moth is a primary consumer (herbivore), the frog is a secondary consumer (carnivore that eats the moth), the snake is a tertiary consumer (carnivore that eats the frog), and the eagle is a quaternary consumer (carnivore that eats the snake).