Electricity

• If it is inserted into an electric circuit, it will not allow excess electricity to flow through it.
• When the current exceeds its limit, the fuse wire gets heated, melts, and breaks the circuit.
• It is made of an alloy tin(Sn) and leads (Pb).

• It is a small wire of a low melting point that gets heated by the heating effect of electric current and cuts off during short-circuiting and protects electrical equipment.

• The rating of a fuse used in a domestic electrical circuit is based on the current.

• In this, on passing an electric current in the armature coil, the electromagnetic force acts on the coil placed between the magnetic poles, which starts rotating on its whole.
• This rotational motion is used for mechanical work.

• The current is generated by exchanging of ions or electrons through electrodes using an electrolyte.

• When the wind strikes the rotor blades attached to it, due to its force, they move and cause rotation in the rotor.
• Thus the kinetic energy of the wind starts converting into mechanical energy.

The device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is an electrochemical cell, commonly known as a battery or a galvanic cell.

1. Chemical Reactions:
   Inside the cell, chemical reactions occur between different materials (electrodes and electrolyte). These reactions are spontaneous and involve the transfer of electrons.

2. Electron Flow:
   These electron transfers create an imbalance of charge, resulting in a potential difference (voltage) between the two electrodes (terminals) of the cell.

3. Electric Current:
   When an external circuit is connected to the terminals, these electrons flow from the negative terminal (where there's an excess of electrons) to the positive terminal (where there's a deficit), creating an electric current.

A steam engine converts the heat energy of steam into mechanical energy.

1. Heat Generation: Fuel (like coal, wood, or oil) is burned to heat water, producing high-pressure steam. This steam possesses significant thermal energy.
2. Expansion of Steam: The high-pressure steam is directed into a cylinder where it expands. As the steam expands, it exerts a force on a piston.
3. Mechanical Motion: The force on the piston causes it to move linearly (reciprocating motion). This linear motion is then converted into rotary motion (mechanical energy) using a connecting rod and a crankshaft.