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Environment and Sustainable Development

📆 September 21, 2024

Total Questions: 95

11. Which of the following does not add the carbon dioxide to carbon cycle on the planet Earth? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

Correct Answer: (b) Photosynthesis
Solution:The decay of organic matter, volcanic action, respiration and burning of fossil fuel etc  contribute carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle, whereas plants use carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis. Thus plants do not add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle rather they release oxygen and consume carbon dioxide. Three natural allotropes of elemental carbon are fullerene, graphite and diamond. Besides, as a compound, it is found as carbon dioxide, carbonate and Hydrogen carbonate.

12. The main role of solar radiation is in - [U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]

Correct Answer: (c) Water cycle
Solution:The water cycle is driven primarily by the energy from the sun. This solar radiation  drives the cycle by evaporating water from the oceans, lakes and rivers. It forms water vapour and clouds, where water droplets eventually gain enough mass to fall back to earth. The water cycle is essentially a closed system, meaning that the volume of water that is in the hydrosphere today is the same amount of water that has always been present in the earth system.

13. Amount of rain depends on : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (b) Humidity in atmosphere
Solution:If the humidity is high there is more moisture in the air and so more chance of clouds forming and rain falling if the temperature drops. The higher the humidity the greater the water vapour, and the more rain we're likely to see.

Higher humidity indicates a greater concentration of water wapor in the atmosphere. Specifically, abrolute humidity measures the actual amount of water vapor present, while mative humidity expresses the amount of water vapor compared to what the air can hold at a given semperature.

Absolute Humidity: This refers to the actual amount of water vapor in the air, regardless of temperature. The higher the absolute humidity, the more water vapor is present.

Relative Humidity: This indicates the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount it could hold at a given temperature. Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air, so a high relative humidity at a warmer temperature doesn’t necessarily mean the absolute humidity is higher.

14. Many transplanted seedlings do not grow because : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) Most of the root hairs are lost during transportation
Solution:Many transplanted seedlings do not grow because most of the root hairs are lost during transplantation. The function of root hairs is to collect water and mineral nutrients present in the soil and take this solution up through the roots to the rest of the plant. These are made up of cellulose and nominal Pectin which helps it as a gelling agent with the soil. Another reason is the use of fertilizers which increases the concentrations of the soil and make it difficult for plants to absorb water. This situation causes desiccation of plant cells causing the leaves turn brown.

15. What is the thin layer of gases around the earth called? [44ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]

Correct Answer: (c) Atmosphere
Solution:The thin layer of gases surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. The majority of the Earth's atmosphere consists of a high amount of Nitrogen, along with smaller amounts of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.

The biosphere is the part of the Earth where life exists. It includes all living organisms and their environments, encompassing the land, oceans, atmosphere, and parts of the Earth's crust. The term "bio" refers to life, so the biosphere is essentially the "sphere of life on Earth.

The hydrosphere is all the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. While the hydrosphere is essential for life in the biosphere, it is not synonymous with the biosphere itself. The hydrosphere is a component of the Earth system that interacts with the biosphere.

16. Air is a/an: [39ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (c) Mixture
Solution:Air is a mixture of gases. By volume , about 78% of this mixture is nitrogen and about 21% is oxygen. Carbon dioxide, argon, methane, ozone and water vapour are also present in very small quantities.

17. Which one of the following Noble Gases is not present in the air? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

Correct Answer: (c) Radon
Solution:Redon is not present in the air. Radon is a radioactive gas that is not found in significant quantities in the atmosphere because it is constantly decaying from other radioactive elements. Noble gases are also known as inert and rare gases. Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques. Radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds.

18. Percentage of Nitrogen in dry air - [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]

Correct Answer: (d) 78%
Solution:The dry air/atmosphere around us is a mixture of gases, mainly Nitrogen and Oxygen, but containing much smaller amounts of water vapour, Argon, and Carbon Dioxide and very small amounts of other gases.
GasPercentage 
Nitrogen (N2)78.08 %
Oxygen (O2)20.95%
Argon (Ar)0.93%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)0.036%
Neon (Ne)0.002%
Helium (He)0.0005%
Krypton0.001%
Xenon0.00009%
Hydrogen0.00005%

19. In the atmosphere, the highest percentage is of: [Uttrakhand U.D.A./LDA (Mains) 2007]

Correct Answer: (c) Nitrogen
Solution:The dry air/atmosphere around us is a mixture of gases, mainly Nitrogen and Oxygen, but containing much smaller amounts of water vapour, Argon, and Carbon Dioxide and very small amounts of other gases.
GasPercentage 
Nitrogen (N2)78.08 %
Oxygen (O2)20.95%
Argon (Ar)0.93%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)0.036%
Neon (Ne)0.002%
Helium (He)0.0005%
Krypton0.001%
Xenon0.00009%
Hydrogen0.00005%

20. The highest percentage of gas in the air is - [41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (d) Nitrogen
Solution:The dry air/atmosphere around us is a mixture of gases, mainly Nitrogen and Oxygen, but containing much smaller amounts of water vapour, Argon, and Carbon Dioxide and very small amounts of other gases.
GasPercentage 
Nitrogen (N2)78.08 %
Oxygen (O2)20.95%
Argon (Ar)0.93%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)0.036%
Neon (Ne)0.002%
Helium (He)0.0005%
Krypton0.001%
Xenon0.00009%
Hydrogen0.00005%

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