Environment and Sustainable Development

World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was held in Johannesburg in 2002. It was the biggest event of its kind organised by the United Nations to date. A major objective of the WSSD was to set out strategies for Greater and more effective implementation of Agenda 21, negotiated in Rio ten years ago, than hitherto.

The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a research institute created and funded by the Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 as Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI) with focus on water supply, sewage disposal and related diseases and to some extent on control of industrial pollution. NEERI is a pioneering laboratory in the field of environmental science and engineering and part of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). NEERI has five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. NEERI falls under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a research institute created and funded by the Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 as Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI) with focus on water supply, sewage disposal and related diseases and to some extent on control of industrial pollution. NEERI is a pioneering laboratory in the field of environmental science and engineering and part of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). NEERI has five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. NEERI falls under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

National Environment Appellate Authority (NEAA) better known as NEA was set up by the Ministry of Environment and Forest to address cases in which environment clearances were required in certain restricted areas. It was established by the National Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997 to hear appeals with respect to restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes shall or shall not be carried out, subject to certain safeguards under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. On the establishment of National Green Tribunal on 18th October, 2010, under National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, the NEAA stands dissolved.

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) provides a framework for international cooperation in the development of meteorology and operational hydrology and their practical application. WMO originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO) which was founded in 1873 to facilitate the exchange of weather information across national borders. It has its headquarter in Geneva, Switzerland.

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme ) was established in 1972. Its headquarter is in Nairobi (Kenya). Inger Andersen of Denmark is currently the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme.

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme ) was established in 1972. Its headquarter is in Nairobi (Kenya). Inger Andersen of Denmark is currently the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme.

Environment Protection Agency (EPA) is an agency of the Federal Government of the United States which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by the Congress. It was established on 2 December 1970.

Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 55 countries. It is headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity".

The fourth session of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-4) took place from 11-15 March 2019 in Nairobi, Kenya. The theme of UNEA-4 was "Innovative solutions for Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Consumption and Production". It is noteworthy that the fifth session of UNEA took place (Virtually) in Nairobi in February 2021, under the theme, " Strengthening Actions for Nature to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals". A resumed in-person session of UNEA-5 is scheduled to take place from 28th February-2 March, 2022.

The Environment (Protection) Act of India was enacted in the year 1986. It Extends to the whole of India.

The Environment (Protection) Act of India was enacted in the year 1986. It Extends to the whole of India.

The Environment (Protection) Act of India was enacted in the year 1986. It Extends to the whole of India.

The Environment (Protection) Act of India was enacted in the year 1986. It Extends to the whole of India.

The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991.

The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection to and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to appoint authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is also know as Umbrella Legislation. In the wake of the Bhopal Tragedy, the Government of India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution. The Act is an "umbrella" legislation designed to provide a framework for Central Government coordination of the activities of various Central and State authorities established under previous laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.

The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee is constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. On 22 July, 2010 Genetic Engineering Approval Committee was renamed as Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee. It is the apex body constituted in the Ministry of Environment and Forest under 'Rule for manufacture, use, import, export and storage of hazardous microorganism/genetically engineered organism or calls 1989' under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986.

Central Ground Water Authority has been constituted under Section 3 (3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to regulate and control development and management of ground water resources in the country.

Power & Functions:

The Authority has been conferred with the following powers:

(i) Exercise of powers under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for issuing directions and taking such measures in respect of all the matters referred to in sub- section(2) of section 3 of the said Act.

(ii) To resort to penal provisions contained in sections 15 to 21 of the said Act.

(iii) To regulate and control, management and development of ground water in the country and to issue necessary regulatory directions for the purpose.

(iv) Exercise of powers under section 4 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for the appointment of officer.

Protection of the ecological balance is directly related to the Forest Policy and the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986. While Industrial Policy and Education Policy also include the environmental approach. Thus the four policies mentioned in question could be considered as being related to the protection of ecological balance.

Protection of the ecological balance is directly related to the Forest Policy and the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986. While Industrial Policy and Education Policy also include the environmental approach. Thus the four policies mentioned in question could be considered as being related to the protection of ecological balance.

The full form of NGT is National Green Tribunal. The National Green Tribunal has been established on 18 October, 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forest and other natural resources.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is defined in Article-12 of Kyoto Protocol of UNFCCC. It allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex-B Party) to implement an emission-reduction project in developing countries. Such projects earn saleable certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO₂ which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets. The National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) was established in August 2015 to meet the cost of adaptation to climate change for the States and Union Territories of India that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. there is no relation between adverse effect of climate change and not attending the 19th meeting of BASIC at Sun City, South Africa.