Environment and Sustainable Development

Total Questions: 95

41. What is Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned in the news? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) It is the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
Solution:Rio+20 is the short name for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. This conference took place in Brazil in June 2012 to mark the 20th anniversary of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), in Rio-De-Janeiro, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg.

42. The Earth Summit +5 was held in? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) 1997
Solution:In 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil for the first International Earth Summit. This summit was convened to address urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development.

The assembled leaders signed the convention on climate change and convention of Biodiversity, endorsed the Rio-Declaration and the Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving sustainable development in the 21" century.

The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created to monitor and report on the implementation of the Earth Summit Agreement. It was agreed that a five-year review of Earth Summit progress would be made in 1997 by the United Nations General Assembly meeting in special session.

Accordingly, a special session of UN General Assembly was held from 23-27 June, 1997 in New York to take stock of how well countries, international organizations and sectors of civil society have responded to the challenge of the Earth Summit.

This meeting was known as Earth Summit +5. Notably, Rio +10 summit was held in Johannesburg in 2002 and Rio +20 was held in Rio-De-Janeiro in 2012.

43. The "Agenda - 21" of Rio Summit, 1992 is related to - [U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (c) Sustainable development
Solution:Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Statement of Principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests were adopted by more than 178 Governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janerio, Brazil,3 to 14 June, 1992.

The full implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for Further Implementation on Agenda 21 and the Commitments to the Rio principles, were strongly reaffirmed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in Johannesburg, South Africa from 26 August to 4 September, 2002.

44. What was the tittle of the Rio+20 declaration? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) The future we want
Solution:The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20 or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development hosted by Brazil in Rio-de-Janeiro. The primary result of the conference was the non-binding document " The future we want" a 49-page action plan.

45. The first 'Earth Summit' was held at- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre), 1998]

Correct Answer: (c) Rio-de-Janeiro
Solution:The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20 or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development hosted by Brazil in Rio-de-Janeiro. The primary result of the conference was the non-binding document " The future we want" a 49-page action plan.

46. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards a greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro.
Solution:In 2012, Rio +20 (the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development) was held in Brazil. The conference's outcome document entitled 'The Future We Want' was a call to action for governments, businesses and the UN alike to support countries interested in the transition to a green economy.

PAGE (Partnership for Action on Green Economy) was created as the UN's direct response to this call of action.

47. In which year was Sustainable Development Conference held in Johannesburg? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre), 2023]

Correct Answer: (b) 2002
Solution:World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was held in Johannesburg in 2002. It was the biggest event of its kind organised by the United Nations to date. A major objective of the WSSD was to set out strategies for Greater and more effective implementation of Agenda 21, negotiated in Rio ten years ago, than hitherto.

48. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute is situated at: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012, 2014 (Mains) 2011, 2005, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]

Correct Answer: (c) Nagpur
Solution:The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a research institute created and funded by the Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 as Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI) with focus on water supply, sewage disposal and related diseases and to some extent on control of industrial pollution.

NEERI is a pioneering laboratory in the field of environmental science and engineering and part of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). NEERI has five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. NEERI falls under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

49. When and where the National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) was established? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

Correct Answer: (b) 1958, Nagpur
Solution:The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a research institute created and funded by the Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 as Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI) with focus on water supply, sewage disposal and related diseases and to some extent on control of industrial pollution. NEERI is a pioneering laboratory in the field of environmental science and engineering and part of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). NEERI has five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. NEERI falls under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

50. N.E.A. Stands for : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]

Correct Answer: (b) National Environment Appellate Authority
Solution:National Environment Appellate Authority (NEAA) better known as NEA was set up by the Ministry of Environment and Forest to address cases in which environment clearances were required in certain restricted areas.

It was established by the National Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997 to hear appeals with respect to restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes shall or shall not be carried out, subject to certain safeguards under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

On the establishment of National Green Tribunal on 18th October, 2010, under National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, the NEAA stands dissolved.