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Environment and Sustainable Development

📆 September 21, 2024

Total Questions: 95

61. In which of the following years, the Environment (Protection) Act passed by the Government of India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

Correct Answer: (b) 1986
Solution:The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991.

62. When the Environment (Protection) Act for the protection and preservation of environment was passed by the government of India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (b) 1986
Solution:The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection to and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to appoint authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991.

63. Environment (Protection) Act (EPA) is also known as : [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (a) Umbrella Legislation
Solution:Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is also know as Umbrella Legislation. In the wake of the Bhopal Tragedy, the Government of India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution. The Act is an "umbrella" legislation designed to provide a framework for Central Government coordination of the activities of various Central and State authorities established under previous laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.

64. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee is constituted under the : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (c) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Solution:The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee is constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. On 22 July, 2010 Genetic Engineering Approval Committee was renamed as Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee. It is the apex body constituted in the Ministry of Environment and Forest under 'Rule for manufacture, use, import, export and storage of hazardous microorganism/genetically engineered organism or calls 1989' under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986.

65. Which one of the following has been constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (c) Central Ground Water Authority
Solution:Central Ground Water Authority has been constituted under Section 3 (3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to regulate and control development and management of ground water resources in the country.

Power & Functions:

The Authority has been conferred with the following powers:

(i) Exercise of powers under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for issuing directions and taking such measures in respect of all the matters referred to in sub- section(2) of section 3 of the said Act.

(ii) To resort to penal provisions contained in sections 15 to 21 of the said Act.

(iii) To regulate and control, management and development of ground water in the country and to issue necessary regulatory directions for the purpose.

(iv) Exercise of powers under section 4 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for the appointment of officer.

66. which of the following is related to Protection of Ecological Balance? [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]

1. Forest Policy
2. Environment (Protection) Act
3. Industrial Policy
4. Educational Policy

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Correct Answer: (d) All the above
Solution:Protection of the ecological balance is directly related to the Forest Policy and the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986. While Industrial Policy and Education Policy also include the environmental approach. Thus the four policies mentioned in question could be considered as being related to the protection of ecological balance.

67. National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established by the Government of Indian in: [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) 2010
Solution:
  • The National Green Tribunal has been established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
  • It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues.
  • The Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
  • The Tribunal is mandated to make and endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the case.
  • Locations: New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai shall be the other four place of sitting of the Tribunal.

Composition of NGT: The Tribunal comprises:

  • Chairperson: A retired Supreme Court judge.
  • Judicial members: Retired High Court judges.
  • Expert members: Professionals with at least 15 years of experience in fields related to environment or forest conservation.

68. What is the full form of NGT? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (a) National Green Tribunal
Solution:The full form of NGT is National Green Tribunal. The National Green Tribunal has been established on 18 October, 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forest and other natural resources.
  • The National Green Tribunal has been established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
  • It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues.
  • The Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
  • The Tribunal is mandated to make and endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the case.
  • Locations: New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai shall be the other four place of sitting of the Tribunal.

Composition of NGT: The Tribunal comprises:

  • Chairperson: A retired Supreme Court judge.
  • Judicial members: Retired High Court judges.
  • Expert members: Professionals with at least 15 years of experience in fields related to environment or forest conservation.

69. Which of the following is not true for India to combat the adverse impact of Climate Change?

Correct Answer: (c) Not attended the 19th Meeting of BASIC at Sun City, South Africa held recently
Solution:The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is defined in Article-12 of Kyoto Protocol of UNFCCC. It allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex-B Party) to implement an emission-reduction project in developing countries. Such projects earn saleable certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO₂ which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets. The National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) was established in August 2015 to meet the cost of adaptation to climate change for the States and Union Territories of India that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. there is no relation between adverse effect of climate change and not attending the 19th meeting of BASIC at Sun City, South Africa.

70. The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 was enacted in consonance with which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]

  1.   Right to a healthy environment, construed as a part of Right to Life under Article 21.
  2. Provision of grants for raising the level of administration in the Scheduled Areas for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes under Article 275(1).
  3. Powers and functions of gram Sabha as mentioned under Article 243(A).

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Only 1
Solution:The National Green Tribunal was established on 18 October, 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forest to provide the right to a healthy environment, construed as a part of Right to Life under Article 21. It draws inspiration from the constitution of India (Article 21) which assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment. Notably on 18th October 2010, Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta became its first chairman. Present chairman of NGT is justice Prakash Shrivastava.
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