Total Questions: 25
Nephrology deals with study of the normal working of the kidneys as well as its diseases. The kidneys are vital for life with their complex network of blood vessels and intricate network of tubes and tubules that filter blood of its waste products and excess water.
Excretion is the process by which the body gets rid of waste products and the nitrogenous by-products of metabolism. Through excretion, organisms control osmotic pressure, the balance between inorganic ions and water, and maintain acid-base balance. The process thus promotes homeostasis.
Creatinine is a chemical waste molecule that is generated during muscle metabolism. It is transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys. The kidneys filter out most of the creatinine and dispose of it in the urine. High levels of creatinine indicate of possible malfunction or failure of the kidneys. The presence of any type of blood cells as deducted by KFT (Kidney Functional Test) directly indicate the severe state of kidney functioning.
The urinary bladder is an organ that collects and stores urine formed in the kidneys. Ureter is the duct through which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. Urine is excreted through the urethra.
The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
Dialysis and kidney transplant are the two treatments for kidney failure. The dialysis treatments or transplanted kidneys will take over some of the work of your damaged kidneys and remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. There are two types of dialysis- hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Both remove waste produces and extra fluid from your blood. Hemodialysis uses an artificial kidney machine, while peritoneal uses the lining in the belly.
Bowman's capsule is located in the renal cortex, part of your kidney. The kidneys are located below your ribcage and behind your belly. Usually, there is one kidney on either side of your spine. The kidneys reside between your intestines.
A kidney stone is a hard object that is made from chemicals in the urine. There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. A kidney stone may be treated with shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or nephrolithotripsy.
The structural and functional unit of the kidney is called a nephron. It consists of two main parts viz. the glomerulus and the tubular system. The glomerulus is composed of Bowman’s capsule and a tuft of leaky blood vessels encapsulated by the Bowman’s capsule.
