Excretory And Reproductive System

Total Questions: 25

11. The branch of medical science that deals with the kidneys is known as— [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 6.08.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Ophthalmology
(b) Cardiology
(c) Otorhinolaryngology
(d) Nephrology

Correct Answer: (d) Nephrology

Solution:Nephrology deals with study of the normal working of the kidneys as well as its diseases. The kidneys are vital for life with their complex network of blood vessels and intricate network of tubes and tubules that filter blood of its waste products and excess water.

12. Excretion means ______. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 4.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Removal of substances present in excess.
(b) Formation of those substances that have some role in the body
(c) Removal of such substances that have never been part of the body
(d) All options are correct

Correct Answer: (a) Removal of substances present in excess.

Solution:Excretion is the process by which the body gets rid of waste products and the nitrogenous by-products of metabolism. Through excretion, organisms control osmotic pressure, the balance between inorganic ions and water, and maintain acid-base balance. The process thus promotes homeostasis.

13. Which one of the following substances is normally found in urine? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 10.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Blood proteins
(b) Creatinine
(c) Red blood cells
(d) White blood cells

Correct Answer: (b) Creatinine

Solution:Creatinine is a chemical waste molecule that is generated during muscle metabolism. It is transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys. The kidneys filter out most of the creatinine and dispose of it in the urine. High levels of creatinine indicate of possible malfunction or failure of the kidneys. The presence of any type of blood cells as deducted by KFT (Kidney Functional Test) directly indicate the severe state of kidney functioning.

14. In which part of the human body’s excretory system is urine stored before passing urine? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 21.08.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Ureter
(b) Bowman’s Capsule
(c) Urethra
(d) Urinary Bladder

Correct Answer: (d) Urinary Bladder

Solution:The urinary bladder is an organ that collects and stores urine formed in the kidneys. Ureter is the duct through which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. Urine is excreted through the urethra.

15. Which of the following is a structural and functional unit of kidneys? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 22.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Renette Cells
(b) Flame Cells
(c) Nephrons
(d) Hepatic cells

Correct Answer: (c) Nephrons

Solution:The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.

16. When the kidneys stop working properly, the process of removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood is called? [S.S.C Online Constable GD 12.02.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Filtration
(b) Purification
(c) Dialysis
(d) Circulation

Correct Answer: (c) Dialysis

Solution:Dialysis is a medical procedure that artificially filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function adequately. There are two main types: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

17. In case of which human organ is damaged or not function properly, the patient is advised on dialysis? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 20.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) kidney
(b) Liver
(c) Stomach
(d) Heart

Correct Answer: (a) kidney

Solution:Dialysis and kidney transplant are the two treatments for kidney failure. The dialysis treatments or transplanted kidneys will take over some of the work of your damaged kidneys and remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. There are two types of dialysis- hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Both remove waste produces and extra fluid from your blood. Hemodialysis uses an artificial kidney machine, while peritoneal uses the lining in the belly.

18. Bowman’s capsules are found in ______. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 14.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Kidney of mammals
(b) Heart of mammals
(c) Liver of mammals
(d) Cerebellum of rabbit

Correct Answer: (a) Kidney of mammals

Solution:Bowman's capsule is located in the renal cortex, part of your kidney. The kidneys are located below your ribcage and behind your belly. Usually, there is one kidney on either side of your spine. The kidneys reside between your intestines.

19. Kidney stones are composed of ______. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 1.02.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Calcium Oxalate
(b) Sodium Chloride
(c) Magnesium Nitrate
(d) Calcium Bicarbonate

Correct Answer: (a) Calcium Oxalate

Solution:The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate stones, accounting for about 80% of all cases. Other types include uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones.

20. Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are part of which body organ? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 14.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Heart
(b) Kidney
(c) Lungs
(d) Liver

Correct Answer: (b) Kidney

Solution:The glomerulus (a network of tiny blood vessels) and Bowman's capsule together form the renal corpuscle, which is the initial filtering component of a nephron in the kidney. This is where blood filtration takes place.

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