Excretory And Reproductive System

21. Which organ is responsible for the removal of nitrogenous waste from the human body? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 13.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Liver
(b) Kidneys
(c) Lungs
(d) Pancreas

Correct Answer: (b) Kidneys

Solution:Nitrogenous wastes, primarily urea (formed from the breakdown of amino acids in the liver), creatinine, and uric acid, are toxic byproducts of metabolism. The kidneys are the main organs responsible for filtering these waste products from the blood and excreting them in urine.

22. ______ is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 17.03.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Sphincter
(b) Aorta
(c) Urethra
(d) Ureter

Correct Answer: (d) Ureter

Solution:There are two ureters, one extending from each kidney, that transport urine downwards to the urinary bladder. Peristaltic contractions of the ureter walls help to propel the urine.

Sphincter: A circular muscle that controls the opening and closing of a body passage.
Aorta: The main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Urethra: The tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

23. Which of the following carries blood from the heart to the kidneys? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 15.01.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Coronary Artery
(b) Vena Cava
(c) Renal Artery
(d) Renal Vein

Correct Answer: (c) Renal Artery

Solution:The renal arteries are large blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to your kidneys. Renal is another word for kidney. We have two renal arteries. The right renal artery supplies blood to the right kidney, while the left artery sends blood to the left kidney.

24. ______ is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 12.10.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Gynecology
(b) Obstetrics
(c) Oncology
(d) Ophthalmology

Correct Answer: (a) Gynecology

Solution:Gynecology is a branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive organs.

25. Which of the following chemicals is responsible for the yellow colour in urine? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 13.04.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Creatinine
(b) Albumin
(c) Urobilin
(d) Bilirubin

Correct Answer: (c) Urobilin

Solution:Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow colour of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related colourless compound urobilinogen, are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrroheme.