Food Crops

When the question was asked option (d) was correct answer According to Economic Survey data 2022-23, the total production of wheat in India in 2021-22 (4ª A.E.) was 106.8 million tonnes.

Three largest wheat producing states, when this question was asked, were – Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana. According to 2022-23 Economic Survey data, in 2021-22(4th A.E.) three largest producers of wheat are –

(i) Uttar Pradesh (ii) Madhya Pradesh (iii) Punjab.

On the basis of seasons, the crops in India have been divided into three types.

Kharif crops: The Kharif crop is the summer crop or monsoon crop in India. Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains i.e in June-July and harvested in October - November.

Major Kharif crops of India include Millets (Bajra & Jowar), Cotton, Soyabean, Sugarcane, Turmeric, Paddy (Rice), Maize, Moong (Pulses), Groundnut, Red Chillies, etc.

Rabi Crops: The Rabi crop is the spring harvest or winter crop in India. It is sown in October-November last and harvested in March-April every year. Major Rabi crops in India include Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Sesame, Peas, Potatoes.

Zaid Crop: This crop is grown in some parts of the country from March to July. Prominent examples are Muskmelon, Watermelon, Vegetables of Cucurbitaceae family such as bitter gourd, pumpkin, ridged gourd, etc.

On the basis of seasons, the crops in India have been divided into three types.

Kharif crops: The Kharif crop is the summer crop or monsoon crop in India. Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains i.e in June-July and harvested in October - November.

Major Kharif crops of India include Millets (Bajra & Jowar), Cotton, Soyabean, Sugarcane, Turmeric, Paddy (Rice), Maize, Moong (Pulses), Groundnut, Red Chillies, etc.

Rabi Crops: The Rabi crop is the spring harvest or winter crop in India. It is sown in October-November last and harvested in March-April every year. Major Rabi crops in India include Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Sesame, Peas, Potatoes.

Zaid Crop: This crop is grown in some parts of the country from March to July. Prominent examples are Muskmelon, Watermelon, Vegetables of Cucurbitaceae family such as bitter gourd, pumpkin, ridged gourd, etc.

On the basis of seasons, the crops in India have been divided into three types.

Kharif crops: The Kharif crop is the summer crop or monsoon crop in India. Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains i.e in June-July and harvested in October - November.

Major Kharif crops of India include Millets (Bajra & Jowar), Cotton, Soyabean, Sugarcane, Turmeric, Paddy (Rice), Maize, Moong (Pulses), Groundnut, Red Chillies, etc.

Rabi Crops: The Rabi crop is the spring harvest or winter crop in India. It is sown in October-November last and harvested in March-April every year. Major Rabi crops in India include Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Sesame, Peas, Potatoes.

Zaid Crop: This crop is grown in some parts of the country from March to July. Prominent examples are Muskmelon, Watermelon, Vegetables of Cucurbitaceae family such as bitter gourd, pumpkin, ridged gourd, etc.

Rice originated in South-East Asia. Rice requires temperature above 25°C and an average rainfall above 100 cm.

"System of Rice Intensification (SRI) of cultivation is an advanced system of paddy planting and agriculture. Under this, alternate wetting and drying of paddy fields is done. Significantly, the system of Rice Intensifiction known as SRI-le. System de Riziculture in French, is originated in Medagascar in 1980s and based on the cropping principles of significantly reducing plant population, improving soil conditin and irrigation methods for root and plant development and improving plant establishment methods. It is worth mentioning here that under this type of cultivation reduced seed requirement and reduced methane production as well as reduced electricity consumptions are obtained. Thus we can say all three statements are true.

In India, the cultivation season is divided into Kharif and Rabi. Kharif crop is sown mainly during June-July and harvested in September-October. Main crops of Kharif are as follows Rice, Millet (Bajra and Jawar), Cotton, Soybean, Sugarcane, Maize, Groundnut, Red Chillies etc. In the given options, Wheat is a Rabi crop while rest crops are Kharif Crop.

Rice is a Kharif crop which requires an average temperature of 25°C and high humidity with the annual rainfall of above100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. Thus (a) is the correct answer.

On the basis of seasons, crops in India are mainly divided in 3 types.

(i) Kharif - Rice, Jowar, Maize, Cotton, Soyabean, Groundnut, Millet, Ragi, Bajra, Jute etc.

(ii) Rabi - Wheat, Peas, Pulses, Mustard etc.

(iii) Zaid - Muskmelon, Watermelon, cucumber, Bitter gourd, Sunflower etc.