Forest and Wildlife (Part-III)

Total Questions: 51

31. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

1. The definition of "Critical Wildlife Habitat" is incorporated in the Forest Rights Act, 2006.

2. For the first time in India, Baigas have been given Habitat Rights.

3. Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change officially decides and declare Habitat Rights for Primitive and Vulnerable Tribal Groups in any part of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

Solution:The phrase 'critical wildlife habitat is defined only in the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of the Forest Rights) Act, 2006. For the first time in India, Baigas have been given Habitat Rights.

Union Ministry of Tribal Affair officially decides Habitat Rights for Primitive and Vulnerable Tribal Groups in any part of India.

32. Which of the following is not a major cause of Wildlife Extinction? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

(a) Loss of natural habitat
(b) To make fire in the forest
(c) Illegal commercial trade of wildlife
(d) Fast pace of population growth

Correct Answer: (d) Fast pace of population growth

Solution:Loss of natural habitat, illegal commercial trade of wildlife and to make fire in the forest, are the major causes of Wildlife Extinction, whereas fast pace of population growth is not a major cause of wildlife extinction. It increases competition for food and shelter.

33. National Research Centre for Agroforestry is located at: [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

(a) Agra
(b) Jhansi
(c) Kanpur
(d) Lucknow

Correct Answer: (b) Jhansi

Solution:The National Research Centre for Agroforestry, as unit of ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) was established in 1988. Renamed as Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI) in December, 2014.

The centre is located at Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh, about 10 kms from Jhansi Railway Station and is popularly known as "KRISHIVANIKI".

34. Which animal is the symbol of the World Wildlife Fund: [U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002, 2003]

(a) Tiger
(b) Giant Panda
(c) Hornbill
(d) White Bear

Correct Answer: (b) Giant Panda

Solution:Since its inception in 1961, the World Wildlife Fund adopted Giant Panda as its organizational symbol. Its scientific name is 'Ailuropoda melanoleuca'. It's habitat is Broad leaf temperate forest.

35. The logo of International Organisation – WWF (World - Wide Fund for Nature) is: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

(a) Asiatic Lion
(b) Giant Panda
(c) Musk Deer
(d) Indian Wild Ass

Correct Answer: (b) Giant Panda

Solution:The giant panda is the featured animal on the logo for World Wildlife Fund as a symbol of all endangered species that would be able to thrive if permitted the range and natural environment of their origin.

36. World Wild Life Day' is observed on: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]

(a) 21st March
(b) 2nd May
(c) 5th June
(d) 21st June
(e) 3rd March

Correct Answer: (e) 3rd March

Solution:World Wildlife Day is celebrated on March 3rd every year in India Wildlife week is celebrated from 2-8 October. World Environment Day on June 5 while International Forest Day is celebrated on March 21.

37. The "Miyawaki method" is well known for the: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Promotion of commercial farming in arid and semi-s arid areas.
(b) Development of gardens using genetically modified flora.
(c) Creation of mini forests in urban areas.
(d) Harvesting wind energy on coastal areas and on sea surfaces.

Correct Answer: (c) Creation of mini forests in urban areas.

Solution:The Miyawaki Method is one of the most effective tree planting methods for creating forest cover quickly on degraded land that has been used for other purposes such as agriculture or construction.

It is effective because it is based on natural reforestation principles, i.e. using trees native to the area and replicating natural forest regeneration processes.

38. What is/are the importance/importances of the 'United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]

1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive international partnerships.

2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions.

3. It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating the desertification.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Solution:Established in 1994, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management. It is the driving force behind Sustainable Development Goal 15 and Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). This convention aims to promote effective action through innovative local programmes and supportive international partnerships. Hence statement 1 is correct. The UNCCD is particularly committed to a bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating desertification and land degradation. Hence statement 3 is correct

39. Which reference to the 'New York Declaration on Forest', which of the following statements are correct? [I.A.S (Pre) 2021]

1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014.

2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests.

3. It is a legally binding international declaration.

4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.

5. India was one of the signatories at its inception.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 4
(b) 1, 3 and 5
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 5

Correct Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 4

Solution:The New York Declaration on Forests is a voluntary and non-legally binding political declaration which grew out of dialogue among governments, companies and civil society, spurred by the United Nations Secretary- General's Climate Summit held in New York in 2014. For the first time, world leaders endorse a global timeline to cut natural forest loss in half by 2020, and strive to end it by 2030. It also calls for restoring forests and croplands of an area larger than India.

Meeting these goals would cut between 4.5 and 8.8 billion tons of carbon pollution every year - about as much as the current emissions of the United States. The Declaration is currently endorsed by over 190 entities including more than 50 governments, more than 50 of the world's biggest companies, and more than 50 influential civil society and indigenous organizations. It is not endorsed by India.

40. Which country has the highest percentage of its geographical area under forest? [U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013]

(a) China
(b) India
(c) Indonesia
(d) Japan

Correct Answer: (d) Japan

Solution:According to the World Bank (2021), the percentage of forestation in relation to their geographical/land area, for the countries given in options is as follows-

Country	Forest cover (in%)
Japan	68.4
Indonesia	48.4
India	24.4
China	23.6

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