Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties

Articles 12 to 35 in Part III of Indian Constitution provide for six Fundamental Rights of India. Six fundamental rights are mentioned below:

• Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
• Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
• Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
• Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Initially, 7 Fundamental Rights were mentioned in the Constitution of India, but by the 44th Amendment, the Right to Property was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights.

The Staff Selection Commission has accepted option(c) as the answer to this question, which is not correct.

Initially, 7 Fundamental Rights were mentioned in the Constitution of India, but by the 44th Amendment, the Right to Property was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights.

• Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
• Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
• Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
• Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Originally, the Constitution provided for seven Fundamental Rights, including the six rights mentioned above and the Right to Property. However, the 44th Amendment Act, of 1978 removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights. It was, instead, made a legal right under Article 300-A in Part XII of the Constitution. So at present, there are only six Fundamental Rights.

• Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
• Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
• Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
• Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Originally, the Constitution provided for seven Fundamental Rights, including the six rights mentioned above and the Right to Property. However, the 44th Amendment Act, of 1978 removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights. It was, instead, made a legal right under Article 300-A in Part XII of the Constitution. So at present, there are only six Fundamental Rights.

Right to Equality (Article 14 to Article 18)

These provisions of the India Constitution ensure equal treatment and opportunities for all citizens before the law. This right includes the following

Article 14 in the Indian Constitution deals with the right to equality or equality before the law. Article 13 deals with the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Article 16 deals with equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State. Article 17 abolishes untouchability and Article 18 abolishes titles.

Right to Equality (Article 14 to Article 18)

These provisions of the India Constitution ensure equal treatment and opportunities for all citizens before the law. This right includes the following

Article 14 in the Indian Constitution deals with the right to equality or equality before the law. Article 13 deals with the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Article 16 deals with equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State. Article 17 abolishes untouchability and Article 18 abolishes titles.

1. These are protected and guaranteed by the Supreme Court.

2. Right to the property has been deleted from the list of fundamental rights.

3. These are not absolute but are subject to reasonable restrictions.

4. These are not permanent.

5. They are justiciable.

Therefore, it is clear from the above that the statement is given in option (a) of the question is an incorrect statement regarding fundamental rights in India.

Right to Equality (Article 14 to Article 18)

These provisions of the Indian Constitution ensure equal treatment and opportunities for all citizens before the law. This right includes the following

Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws (Article 14)

This provision ensures that the state shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. It prohibits arbitrary discrimination by the state and guarantees equal treatment under similar circumstances.

Prohibition of Discrimination on Certain Grounds (Article 15)

This provision prohibits discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It ensures that no citizen shall be subjected to any disability, liability, or restriction only on these grounds.

Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment (Article 16)

This provision guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment or appointment. It prohibits discrimination in these matters only on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, or residence.

Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17)

This provision abolishes untouchability and prohibits its practice in any form. It recognizes untouchability as a social evil and ensures the eradication of this discriminatory practice in Indian society.

Abolition of Titles (Article 18)

This provision prohibits the state from conferring titles, except military and academic distinctions, on individuals. It also makes certain provisions regarding accepting any title, present, emolument, or office from or under any foreign State.