Gandhi and his Early Movements (Part-I)

Total Questions: 35

1. M.K. Gandhi was a supporter of – [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]

(a) Marxist socialism
(b) Category socialism
(c) Idealism
(d) Philosophical anarchism

Correct Answer: (d) Philosophical anarchism

Solution:In Gandhiji's thought, the emphasis is not on idealism but on practical idealism. Gandhiji’s thought has also been linked to Utopian socialism and Philosophical Anarchism and can be compared with strands of Marxist (though not a western philosophy) and even western liberal thought. He believed in the concept of ideal non-violent state, every citizen would have the feeling of self-governance and in this stage, there would be no need for the state to comply with the law of the land.

2. The twin principles of Mahatma Gandhi's Ram Rajya were? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]

(a) Abolishment of untouchability and temperance
(b) Truth and non-violence
(c) Khadi and Spinning-wheel
(d) Right means and right ends

Correct Answer: (b) Truth and non-violence

Solution:Truth and non-violence are twin principles of Mahatma Gandhi’s Ram Rajya. He used truth and non-violence as the base to develop a new society of his dream. Some people believe that the policy of truth of Mahatma Gandhi is inspired by Hindu religion and non-violence from Buddha, Jain, and Christian ideology.

3. According to Gandhiji Non-Violence is: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]

(a) A way to attain truth
(b) A way to win political freedom
(c) The only way to realize God
(d) An end in itself

Correct Answer: (a) A way to attain truth

Solution:According to Gandhi’s philosophy ‘Truth’ stands for ‘reality.’ He described Truth as existence, consciousness, and bliss. He said "Ahimsa" or "Non-violence" is the means; Truth is the end. They are so intertwined that it is impossible to separate them.

4. Name of the magazine published by Mahatma Gandhi during his stay in South Africa, was: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]

(a) Navjeevan
(b) India Gazette
(c) Africaner
(d) Indian Opinion

Correct Answer: (d) Indian Opinion

Solution:In 1894 Gandhiji founded ‘Natal Indian Congress’ in South Africa and during this long Movement in South Africa he got imprisonment several times. He founded the ‘Tolstoy Farm’ with his associates and started living there. He published a newspaper Indian Opinion in South Africa and founded Phoenix Farm in 1904 in Durban.

5. What was the name of newspaper published by Gandhiji in South Africa? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

(a) The Indian Opinion
(b) National Herald
(c) Leader
(d) The Pioneer

Correct Answer: (a) The Indian Opinion

Solution:n 1894 Gandhiji founded ‘Natal Indian Congress’ in South Africa and during this long Movement in South Africa he got imprisonment several times. He founded the ‘Tolstoy Farm’ with his associates and started living there. He published a newspaper Indian Opinion in South Africa and founded Phoenix Farm in 1904 in Durban.

6. Where is Phoenix Farm? [M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Suratgarh
(b) Essex, England
(c) Durban (South Africa)
(d) Kampala

Correct Answer: (c) Durban (South Africa)

7. In which of the following colleges, Gandhiji had studied? [66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]

(a) Samaldas College, Bhavnagar
(b) Dharmendrasinhji College, Rajkot
(c) Gujarat College, Ahmedabad
(d) Bahauddin College, Junagadh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Samaldas College, Bhavnagar

Solution:Gandhiji studied in Samaldas Arts College, Bhavnagar during the year of 1885. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. He earned a degree in law from England in 1891. Before entering Indian politics in 1915, he was in South Africa from 1893 to 1914. In the course of his struggle in South Africa, he developed his political philosophy based on non-violence and Satyagraha to give a new direction to the mass movement. The emergence of Mahatma Gandhi in Indian politics marked the beginning of a new phase in the Indian national movement, the phase of mass movements. This made Gandhi become the most important figure in the history of the Indian freedom struggle.

8. Karamchand Gandhi was Diwan of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]

(a) Porbandar
(b) Rajkot
(c) Bikaner
(d) All of these

Correct Answer: (d) All of these

Solution:Karamchand Gandhi was the Diwan of all above States. He was the father of Gandhiji. He is better known as Kaba Gandhi. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. He earned a degree in law from England in 1891. Before entering Indian politics in 1915, he was in South Africa from 1893 to 1914. In the course of his struggle in South Africa, he developed his political philosophy based on non-violence and Satyagraha to give a new direction to the mass movement. The emergence of Mahatma Gandhi in Indian politics marked the beginning of a new phase in the Indian national movement, the phase of mass movements. This made Gandhi become the most important figure in the history of the Indian freedom struggle.

9. In which year Gandhi returned from South Africa? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

(a) 1915
(b) 1917
(c) 1916
(d) 1918

Correct Answer: (a) 1915

Solution:In January 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa and people warmly welcomed him. The struggles and success in South Africa made him very popular in India. In India, he came in contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale and accepted him as his political mentor. He linked himself to India's active politics under the influence of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

10. How many years did Gandhiji live in South Africa? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

(a) 20 years
(b) 21 years
(c) 16 years
(d) 15 years

Correct Answer: (b) 21 years

Solution:Gandhiji lived approx 21 years in South Africa. In 1893, at the age of 24, he went to South Africa to appear in a case of a Gujarati businessman, Dada Abdulla. He returned to India in January 1915.

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