Gandhi and his Early Movements (Part-III)

Total Questions: 35

21. The system of 'Tinkathia' in the district of Champaran meant: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]

(a) Cultivation of Indigo by the peasants on 3/20 part of the land
(b) Cultivation of Indigo by the peasants on 3/21 part of the land
(c) Cultivation of Indigo by the peasants on 3/19 part of the land
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Cultivation of Indigo by the peasants on 3/20 part of the land

Solution:The story of Champaran began in the early 19th century when European planters had involved the cultivators in agreements that forced them to cultivate Indigo on 3/20 of their land (Tinkathia System). Towards the end of the 19th century, German synthetic dyes forced Indigo out of the market, and the European planters of Champaran, to remove the obligation of cultivating Indigo, tried to secure enhancements in rents and other illegal dues as a price for the release. Resistance had surfaced in 1908, but momentum came when Rajkumar Shukla (a local man) decided to follow Gandhiji and persuaded him to come to Champaran and investigate the problem.

22. With which place and cultivation is the 'Tinkathia' Kanoon related? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015]

(a) Gorakhpur - Opium
(b) Begusarai - Paddy
(c) Champaran - Indigo (Neel)
(d) Burdwan - Paddy

Correct Answer: (c) Champaran - Indigo (Neel)

Solution:Tinkathia Kanoon (System) was an agreement that forced the cultivators of Champaran to cultivate Indigo on 3/20th of their holdings. Gandhiji launched his first Satyagraha in Champaran in 1917.

23. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]

Dr. Rajendra Prasad persuaded Mahatma Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the problem of peasants.
Acharya J.B. Kripalani was one of Mahatma Gandhi’s colleagues in his Champaran investigation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Solution:Rajkumar Shukla decided to follow Gandhiji and persuaded him to come to Champaran and investigate the problem. Acharya J.B. Kripalani was one of Mahatma Gandhi's colleagues in his Champaran investigation. Rajendra Prasad, Mahadev Desai, C.F. Andrews, Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Braj Kishor Prasad, H.S. Polak were Gandhi's colleagues in his Champaran Movement.

24. Those who joined Mahatma Gandhi during the Champaran Satyagraha included: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Vallabh Bhai Patel and Vinoba Bhave
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad
(c) Rajendra Prasad and Anugraha Narain Sinha
(d) Mahadev Desai and Maniben Patel

Correct Answer: (c) Rajendra Prasad and Anugraha Narain Sinha

25. Which one of the following is associated with the Champaran Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]

(a) Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya
(c) Shaukat Ali
(d) Raj Kumar Shukla

Correct Answer: (d) Raj Kumar Shukla

26. The Champaran Movement was basically against: [66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]

(a) Land revenue
(b) Cash crops
(c) Agricultural policies of the British Government
(d) Land grants
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above

Correct Answer: (b) Cash crops

Solution:Champaran Movement was basically against cash crops. Champaran Satyagraha was the first attempt at mobilising the Indian masses by Gandhi on an invitation by Rajkumar Shukla in the context of indigo peasants of Champaran. This Gandhian Movement was the First Civil Disobedience in India. It was mainly due to the tinkathia system of indigo farmers, where peasants were forced to grow indigo on 3/20 part of their total land. Gandhi intervened in the matter but was asked to leave the place by authorities. However, Gandhi refused to leave, thus disobeying the order. Eventually, Gandhi was able to convince the government about the illness of the tinkathia system and look into the matter. The government appointed a committee to go into the matter and nominated Gandhi as a member. As a result, the tinkathia system was abolished, and in a compromise settlement, only 25% of the money taken by peasants was compensated. Participants: Rajendra Prasad, Narhari Parekh, and J.B. Kripalani

27. Who opposed Planned Development in India? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Indira Gandhi
(d) Rajiv Gandhi

Correct Answer: (a) Mahatma Gandhi

Solution:As per options, Mahatma Gandhi opposed planned development in India. Gandhiji was opposed to industrialization and mechanization. He supported cottage and village industries and considered the village as the basic unit of the economy. Instead of using machines, he gave more importance to labor-intensive enterprises so that more people could get employment. Under his concept of Gram Swaraj, the village was such an economic unit where all the needs of the residents could be fulfilled by the products of the same.

28. The person not connected with the Champaran movement was: [42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997]

(a) Rajendra Prasad
(b) Anugrah Narayan Sinha
(c) J.B. Kripalani
(d) Jai Prakash Narayan

Correct Answer: (d) Jai Prakash Narayan

Solution:Jai Prakash Narayan was not associated with the Champaran Movement, while other names given in the options were associated with the Champaran Movement.

29. Who is not related to the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 AD? [67th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2022]

(a) J.B. Kripalani
(b) Raj Kumar Shukla
(c) Rajendra Prasad
(d) Ram Manohar Lohia
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above

Correct Answer: (d) Ram Manohar Lohia

Solution:Jai Prakash Narayan was not associated with the Champaran Movement, while other names given in the options were associated with the Champaran Movement. Champaran Satyagraha was the first attempt at mobilising the Indian masses by Gandhi on an invitation by Rajkumar Shukla in the context of indigo peasants of Champaran. This Gandhian Movement was the First Civil Disobedience in India. It was mainly due to the tinkathia system of indigo farmers, where peasants were forced to grow indigo on 3/20 part of their total land. Gandhi intervened in the matter but was asked to leave the place by authorities. However, Gandhi refused to leave, thus disobeying the order. Eventually, Gandhi was able to convince the government about the illness of the tinkathia system and look into the matter. The government appointed a committee to go into the matter and nominated Gandhi as a member. As a result, the tinkathia system was abolished, and in a compromise settlement, only 25% of the money taken by peasants was compensated. Participants: Rajendra Prasad, Narhari Parekh, and J.B. Kripalani

30. Which one of the following is a very significant aspect of the Champaran Satyagraha? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

(a) Active all-India participation of lawyers, students, and women in the National Movement
(b) Active involvement of Dalit and Tribal communities in the National Movement
(c) Joining of peasant unrest to India’s National Movement
(d) Drastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation crops and commercial crops

Correct Answer: (d) Drastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation crops and commercial crops

Solution:The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi. One of the very significant aspects of the Champaran Satyagraha was the drastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation crops and commercial crops.

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