General Comprehension (UPSC) (Part-IV)

Total Questions: 50

41. Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage? [2017-11]

Productive jobs are vital for growth and a good job is the best form of inclusion. More than half of our population depends on agriculture, but the experience of other countries suggests that the number of people dependent on agriculture will have to shrink if per capita incomes in agriculture are to go up substantially.

While industry is creating jobs, too many such jobs are low-productivity non-contractual jobs in the unorganized sector, offering low incomes, little protection, and no benefits. Service jobs are relatively of high productivity, but employment growth in services has been slow in recent years.

(a) We must create conditions for the faster growth of highly productive service jobs to ensure employment growth and inclusion.
(b) We must shift the farm workers to the highly productive manufacturing and service sectors to ensure the economic growth and inclusion.
(c) We must create conditions for the faster growth of productive jobs outside of agriculture even while improving the productivity of agriculture.
(d) We must emphasize the cultivation of high-yielding hybrid varieties and genetically modified crops to increase the per capita income in agriculture.

Correct Answer: (c) We must create conditions for the faster growth of productive jobs outside of agriculture even while improving the productivity of agriculture.

Solution:Creating conditions for the faster growth of productive jobs outside of agriculture even while improving the productivity of agriculture is the most logical and rational inference made from the passage.

42. Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage? [2017-11]

A landscape-scale approach to land use can encourage greater biodiversity outside protected areas. During hurricane 'Mitch' in 1998, farms using eco agricultural practices suffered 58 per cent, 70 per cent and 99 per cent less damage in Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala, respectively, than farms using conventional techniques.

In Costa Rica, vegetative windbreaks and fencerows boosted farmers' income from pasture and coffee while also increasing bird diversity. Bee pollination is more effective when agricultural fields are closer to natural or semi natural habitat, a finding that matters because 87 per cent of the world's 107 leading crops depend on animal pollinators.

In Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Colombia silvopastoral systems that integrate trees with pastureland are improving the sustainability of cattle production, and diversifying and increasing farmers' income.

(b) All the countries of the world should be encouraged to replace Eco agriculture with conventional agriculture.
(a) Agricultural practices that enhance biodiversity can often increase farm output and reduce the Vulnerability to disasters.
(c) Eco agriculture should be permitted in protected areas without destroying the biodiversity there.
(d) The yield of food crops will be very high if Eco agricultural practices are adopted to cultivate them.

Correct Answer: (a) Agricultural practices that enhance biodiversity can often increase farm output and reduce the Vulnerability to disasters.

Solution:The most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage is agricultural practices that enhance biodiversity can many a time increase farm output and reduce the vulnerability to disasters.

43. Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage? [2017-11]

The medium term challenge for Indian manufacturing is to move from lower to higher tech sectors, from lower to higher value-added sectors, and from lower to higher productivity sectors. Medium tech industries are primarily capital intensive and resource processing; and high tech industries are mainly capital and technology intensive.

In order to push the share of manufacturing in overall GDP to the projected 25 per cent, Indian manufacturing needs to capture the global market in sectors showing a rising trend in demand. These sectors are largely high technology and capital intensive.

(a) India's GDP displays high value added and high productivity levels in medium tech and resource processing industries.
(b) Promotion of capital and technology intensive manufacturing is not possible in India.
(c) India should push up the public investments and encourage the private investments in research and development, technoloy upgradation and skill development.
(d) India has already gained a great share in global markets in sectors showing a rising trend in demand.

Correct Answer: (c) India should push up the public investments and encourage the private investments in research and development, technoloy upgradation and skill development.

Solution:India should boost up the public investments and encourage the private investments in research and development, technology upgradation and skill development.

44. Which among the following is the most logical corollary to the above passage? [2017-11]

Over the last decade, Indian agriculture has become more robust with record production of food grains and oilseeds. Increased procurement, consequently, has added huge stocks of food grains in the granaries.

India is one of the world's top producers of rice, wheat, milk, fruits and vegetables. India is still home to a quarter of all undernourished people in the world. On an average, almost half of the total expenditure of nearly half of the households is on food.

(a) Increasing the efficiency of farm-to-fork value chain is necessary to reduce the poverty and malnutrition.
(b) Increasing the agricultural productivity will automatically eliminate the poverty and malnutrition in India.
(c) India's agricultural productivity is already great and it is not necessary to increase it further.
(d) Allocation of more funds for social welfare and poverty alleviation programmes will ultimately eliminate the poverty and malnutrition in India.

Correct Answer: (a) Increasing the efficiency of farm-to-fork value chain is necessary to reduce the poverty and malnutrition.

Solution:The most logical corollary to the passage can be the increasing the efficiency of farm-to-fork value chain is necessary to reduce the poverty and malnutrition.

45. Which one of the following views corroborates the above statement? [2017-11]

The States are like pearls and the Centre is the thread which turns them into a necklace; if the thread snaps, the pearls are scattered.

(a) A strong Centre and strong States make the federation strong.
(b) A strong Centre is a binding force for national integrity.
(c) A strong Centre is a hindrance to State autonomy.
(d) State autonomy is a prerequisite for a federation.

Correct Answer: (b) A strong Centre is a binding force for national integrity.

Solution:'A strong Centre is a binding force for national integrity' correctly corroborates the given statement.

46. The above statement argues for : [2017-11]

Really I think that the poorest he that is in England has a life to live, as the greatest he, and therefore truly, I think it is clear that every man that is to live under a government ought first by his own consent to put himself under the government, and I do think that the poorest man in England is not at all bound in a strict sense to that government that he has not had a voice to put himself under.

(a) distribution of wealth equally to all
(b) rule according to the consent of the governed
(c) rule of the poor
(d) expropriation of the rich

Correct Answer: (b) rule according to the consent of the governed

Solution:The passage argues for the rule according to the consent of those who are governed.

47. What is the most rational and crucial message given by the passage? [2018-11]

The quest for cheap and plentiful meat has resulted in factory farms where more and more animals are squeezed into smaller lots in cruel and shocking conditions. Such practices have resulted in many of the world's health pandemics such as the avian flu.

Worldwide, livestock are increasingly raised in cruel, cramped conditions, where animals spend their short lives under artificial light, pumped full of antibiotics and growth hormones, until the day they are slaughtered.

Meat production is water-intensive. 15000 litres of water is needed for every kilogram of meat compared with 3400 litres for rice, 3300 litres for eggs and 255 litres for a kilogram of potatoes.

(a) Mass production of meat through industrial farming is cheap and is suitable for providing protein nutrition to poor countries.
(b) Meat-producing industry violates the laws against cruelty to animals.
(c) Mass production of meat through industrial farming is undesirable and should be stopped immediately.
(d) Environmental cost of meat production is unsustainable when it is produced through industrial farming.

Correct Answer: (d) Environmental cost of meat production is unsustainable when it is produced through industrial farming.

Solution:Last few lines of the passage state that meat production through industrial farming is water - intensive, it requires 15000 liters of water for every kilogram of meat. We all are aware of the fact that many people in the world strive to get water to drink and for their household works and so, we can't afford to lose such huge amount of water on producing meat in farms thus, it can be said that environmental cost of meat production is unsustainable when it is produced through industrial farming.

48. Which of the following is the most rational and crucial message given by the passage? [2018-11]

A male tiger was removed from Panch Tiger Reserve and was relocated in Panna National Park. Later, this tiger trekked toward his home 250 miles away. The trek of this solitary tiger highlights a crisis. Many wildlife reserves exist as islands of fragile habitat in a vast sea of humanity, yet tigers can range over a hundred miles, seeking prey, mates and territory.

Nearly a third of India's tigers live outside tiger reserves, a situation that is dangerous for both human and animal. Prey and tigers can only disperse if there are recognized corridors of land between protected areas to allow unmolested passage.

(a) The conflict between man and wildlife cannot be resolved, no matter what efforts we make.
(b) Safe wildlife corridors between protected areas is an essential aspect of conservation efforts.
(c) India needs to declare more protected areas and set up more tiger reserves.
(d) India's National Parks and Tiger Reserves need to be professionally managed.

Correct Answer: (b) Safe wildlife corridors between protected areas is an essential aspect of conservation efforts.

Solution:It is clearly mentioned in the last line of the passage.

49. With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: [2018-11]

1. The strategy of conservation of wildlife by relocating them from one protected area to another is not often successful.

2. India does not have suitable legislation to save the tigers, and its conservation efforts have failed which forced the tigers to live outside protected areas.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (a) 1 only

Solution:It is mentioned in the passage how a male tiger that was relocated in Panna National Park trekked toward its home 250 miles away; and that nearly a third of India's tigers live outside tiger reserves. These points indicate that though initiatives have been taken for the conservation of wildlife by relocating them, they have not been often successful. The passage does not say anything about any legislation in this regard.

50. With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: [2018-11]

1. Climate change is not a challenge for developed countries.

2. Climate change is a complex policy issue and also a development issue for many countries.

3. Ways and means of finance must be found to enable developing countries to enhance their adaptive capacity.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

All actions to address climate change ultimately involve costs. Funding is vital in order for countries like India to design and implement adaptation and mitigation plans and projects. The problem is more severe for developing countries like India.

Which would be one of the hardest hit by climate change, given its need to finance development. Most countries do indeed treat climate change as real threat and are striving to address it in a more comprehensive and integrated manner with the limited resources at their disposal.

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only

Solution:The passage clearly mentions that 'most countries' are 'striving' to address climate change threat. So, it is a complex policy issue and development issue for all. So, I is not valid but 2 is. Assumption 3 can be made from, 'the problem is more severe ..... finance development. So, the right option is (c).

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