GENETICS

Father of Physiology - Claude Bernard
Father of Geology - James Hutton
Father of Genetics - Gregor Johann Mendel
Father of Biology - Aristotle

Gregor Mendel used the pea plant for hybridization or crossbreeding. This is now referred to as the law of Mendelian inheritance. He worked on 7 characteristics of the pea plants, which include seed shape and color, flower position and colour, plant height, pod shape and colour.

The branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variation are called Genetics. Palaeontology is the branch of biology that deals with fossils of animals and plants that lived up to billions of years ago. Evolution is the change in the characteristic of living organisms over a generation. Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the interaction between non-living and living components in the environment. Thus, the correct answer is C.

An Isograft is a graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical (i.e., monozygotic twins). Transplant rejection between two such individuals virtually never occurs, making isografts particularly relevant to organ transplantations; patients with organs from their identical twins are incredibly likely to receive the organs favourably and survive.

When a DNA solution is heated enough, the double-stranded DNA unwinds, and the Hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together weaken and finally break. The process of breaking a double-stranded DNA into single strands is known as DNA denaturation or DNA melting. The hyperchromicity of DNA occurs when the DNA duplex is denatured.

James Watson and Francis Crick presented the ‘double helix model’ of DNA, while Friedrich Mischer discovered DNA.

DNA’s natural structure makes it an ideal intumescent (substance that swells when heated) fire retardant-it has a backbone of sugar and phosphate and a nitrogen base. Therefore, the researchers chose to test its ability as a fire retardant coating on a normally highly flammable cotton sample.