Governor/Governor General/Viceroy (Part-III)

The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 was passed in 1904 in British. India during the period of Governor-General Lord Curzon. It was expedient to provide for the preservation of ancient monuments, for the exercise of control over traffic in antiquities and over-excavation in certain places, and for the protection and acquisition in certain cases of ancient monuments and for objects of archeological, historical or artistic interest. He allocated 50000 pounds for the preservation of ancient monuments. Lord Curzon during his tenure integrated and centralized Archeological Survey of India (ASI) and appointed John Marshall as new Director-General in 1901. John Marshall assumed the charge in 1902.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale compared Lord Curzon's administration in India to that of Aurangzeb.

Imperial Cadet Corps was established after its approval from the Secretary of State for India in November 1901. It was formed under the direct surveillance of Lord Curzon. Major DH Cameroon was its commandant and Maharaja Pratap Singh of Idar was made its honorary Commandant.

The correctly matched list is as follows-

In the year 1905, the Governor General Lord Curzon decided to reoganize the provincial boundaries. He created a new province named 'Eastern Bengal and Assam' by dividing Bengal into two part and included Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Chhota Nagpur in the Western part of Bengal, Apart from this, he also changed the boundaries of Madras and Central province.

Curzon has said that "To me, the message is carved in granite, it is hewn out of the rock of doom-that our work is righteous and that it shall endure."
During the tenure of Lord Curzon, an act was passed to reform Municipal corporation of Calcutta in 1899. The act reduced the number of elected Indian members in Calcutta corporation. The name of the act was the Calcutta Municipal Act, 1899 which was also known as Mackenzie Act of 1899.

The British took full advantage of Hindu-Muslim differences during the period of Lord Curzon and Lord Minto, they adopted the strategy of 'Divide and Rule.' The partition of Bengal in 1905 was the symbol of this policy. The two objectives behind the partition of Bengal were to create a difference between Hindu and Muslims and to demoralize newly awakened Bengal. Lord Minto promoted the separate electorate for Muslims.

Curzon in India was full of mission, commissions and omission. He refused to recognise India as a nation and insulted Indian nationalists by describing their activities as "Letting off of gas." In 1900 AD Curzon said-"May own belief is that the congress is tottering to its fall, and one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it to a peaceful demise".

In November 1905, Lord Minto was appointed as Viceroy of India and John Morley was appointed the secretary of state for India. The reforms introduced by them are known as Motley-Minto reform (1909). The Government of India Acta (1909) had established separate electorate and separate constituencies for Muslims.

Lord Reading also known is Rufus Issacs was the only Jewish Viceroy of India (from 1912 to 1926), who served first in the House of commons, was appointed solicitor General in 1910 and then Attorney General. In 1912, he was promoted to the Cabinet rank and in 1913 he became Lord chief Justice of England. In 1921, he was placed in the highest post which any British subject can hold under the Crown, Viceroy of India. Chauri-Chaura incident and the formation of the Swaraj Party are some of the incidents during his period.