Governor/Governor General/Viceroy (Part-III)

The Indian Council Act of 1816 implemented the strategy of legislative devolution, and the probable outcome of this was Mayo's Resolution of 1870, focusing on financial decentralization. The m Imperial Government, prompted by administration efficiency and financial constraints, opted to transfer the control of certain administration departments including education, medical services. and roads-to provincial governments. This marked the inception of local financial management. To ensure fiscal stability, provincial government were granted the authority to rely on local taxation for balancing their budgets. Lord Mayo's resolution had delineated. "Local interest, supervision, and care are necessary to success in the management of the funds devoted to education, sanitation, medical relief, and local public works. The operation of this resolution in its full meaning and integrity will afford opportunities for the development of self-government, for strengthening municipal institution, and for the association of Natives and European to a greater extent than heretofore in the administration of affairs".

Lord Lytton was appointed Viceroy in 1876 A.D. by Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. He preferred to follow the Forward Policy' and replaced 'Masterly inactivity' policy.

Lord Lytton was appointed Viceroy in 1876 A.D. by Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. He preferred to follow the Forward Policy' and replaced 'Masterly inactivity' policy.

Lord Lytton was an English politician who served as the Viceroy of India form 1876 to 1880. His tenure as Viceroy was marked by a controversial policy known as the Vernacular Press Act of 1878, which aimed to regulate the Indian vernacular press and limit its freedom of expression. The policies introduced during included the Indian arms Act of 1878, according to which, it was a criminal offence for Indians to carry arms without a license. The Act was discriminatory as it did not apply to the British, Anglo-Indians, European, and certain government personnel. Famine Codes were given by the Famine Commission that was set up in 1878 under the Chairmanship of Sir Richard Strachey (Strachey Commission) during tenure of Lord Lytton only. The infamous' Famine Codes.' have been criticized for their handling of the 1876-1878 famine in India, which resulted in significant loss of life.
Ilbert bill on the other hand was introduced in 1883 by Lord Rippon that allowed Indian Judges and Magistrates to try British Offenders in criminal cases at district level.

Among all the British Viceroy, Lord Curzon had the longest tenure as the Viceroy of India.

In 1880 A.D. the Liberal party came to power in England in the leadership of Gladstone. He was a supporter of freedom. Lord Rippon was appointed as Viceroy during this period. The landmark in the development of local self-government was Lord Ripon's resolution of 1882. The historic resolution was issued on May 18, 1882. Ripon wanted to develop municipalities in the country. According to him, the political education of the country begins with this. Under this proposal, local boards were established in rural territories. The resolution was passed to build district sub-division, Tehsil or Taluka in every district. The municipalities were established in the cities. These institutions were given several tasks and sources of income.

In 1880 A.D. the Liberal party came to power in England in the leadership of Gladstone. He was a supporter of freedom. Lord Rippon was appointed as Viceroy during this period. The landmark in the development of local self-government was Lord Ripon's resolution of 1882. The historic resolution was issued on May 18, 1882. Ripon wanted to develop municipalities in the country. According to him, the political education of the country begins with this. Under this proposal, local boards were established in rural territories. The resolution was passed to build district sub-division, Tehsil or Taluka in every district. The municipalities were established in the cities. These institutions were given several tasks and sources of income.

The Ilbert Bill was a bill introduced in 1883 A.D. for British India by Viceroy Ripon that proposed an amendment to existing laws in the country to allow Indian Judges and Magistrates to try British offenders in criminal cases at the district level, something that was not allowed before. The introduction of the bill led to intense opposition in Britain and from British settlers in India that ultimately played on racial tensions.