Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change part 1

Solar insolation (short wave radiation) reaches the Earth and is transparent to the Earth's atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is absorbed by the earth's surface, which increases its temperature. The earth's surface radiates back the rest of the heat to the atmosphere (Long-Wave Radiation). Some of the heat is trapped by greenhouse gases such as Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Nitrous Oxide, Chlorofluorocarbon compounds (CFCs), and Water Vapor in the atmosphere. Thus, they add to the heating, which is known as the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere. This causes global warming. However, life on Earth could not exist without some naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Without them, no heat would be trapped in the atmosphere, leading to extreme cold or permafrost conditions.

The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and water vapor. These gases trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space, leading to a warming greenhouse effect. Human activities like burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), deforestation, and industrial processes significantly increase the concentration of these gases causing greenhouse effect. Natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions and solar radiation, also contribute, but human actions are the dominant drivers of the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Solar insolation (short wave radiation) reaches the Earth and is transparent to the Earth's atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is absorbed by the earth's surface, which increases its temperature. The earth's surface radiates back the rest of the heat to the atmosphere (Long-Wave Radiation). Some of the heat is trapped by greenhouse gases such as Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Nitrous Oxide, Chlorofluorocarbon compounds (CFCs), and Water Vapor in the atmosphere. Thus, they add to the heating, which is known as the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere. This causes global warming. However, life on Earth could not exist without some naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Without them, no heat would be trapped in the atmosphere, leading to extreme cold or permafrost conditions.

The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and water vapor. These gases trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space, leading to a warming greenhouse effect. Human activities like burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), deforestation, and industrial processes significantly increase the concentration of these gases causing greenhouse effect. Natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions and solar radiation, also contribute, but human actions are the dominant drivers of the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Thus, option (d) will be correct answer.

Thus, option (d) will be correct answer.

Thus, option (d) will be correct answer.

Water vapor accounts for the largest percentage of the greenhouse effect, between 36% and 66% for clear sky conditions and between 66% and 85% when including clouds. Water vapor absorbs electromagnetic radiation in various bands in the infra-red region.

A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are

Water vapor (H₂O)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Methane (CH₄)
Nitrous oxide (N₂O), and ozone (O₃).

Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature mperature of Earth's surface would be about -18° C, rather than the present average of 15° C.

Argon is the most common gas in the atmosphere besides Nitrogen and Oxygen. Argon is a noble gas (like helium) which means that it is completely inertit is odourless, colourless gas that is totally inert into other substance. Under extreme conditions, argon can form certain compounds even though it is a gas. It is characterized by same solubility level in water as that of oxygen. It has low thermal conductivity.

Climate change includes both global warming driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Due to the rising temperature caused by climate change, the ice in the polar regions is melting at an accelerated rate, causing sea levels to rise. This is damaging the coastlines due to the increased flooding and erosion. The largest driver of warming is the emission of gases that create a greenhouse effect, of which more than 90% are carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane.

Temperature rise is accelerated or tempered by climate feedbacks, such as loss of sunlight-reflecting snow and ice cover, increased water vapour (a greenhouse gas itself), and changes to land and ocean carbon sinks. Even if efforts to minimise future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries, including rising sea levels, rising ocean temperatures, and ocean acidification.