Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change (Part-II)

In a field study, scientists at the University of California, Davis, and Cornell University found the technology stored carbon in the soil even during an extreme drought in California. Hence statement 1 is correct.

The end use of the captured CO₂ can be either utilization or permanent storage. Utilization can be done in various areas such as urea manufacturing, conversion to other chemicals (methane, methanol, ethanol), and evolving applications like aggregates.

An alternative is the permanent storage of the captured CO₂ in deep underground geological reservoirs like depleted oil and gas reservoirs (for enhanced oil production or EOR), deep saline aquifers, and in basaltic rock formations. Hence statement 3 is also correct.

It measures performance of various countries on 4 parameters: GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use and Climate Policy. In its 2022 edition India achieved 10th position.

India jumps 2 spots higher, and is now ranked 8th as per Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), 2023 (Update 2024 7th Rank).

It also raises the salinity of soil and its productivity is affected. It also raises the salinity of soil and reduces productivity.

Therefore, the possibility of a more complex situation in the future cannot be denied. The agriculture sector is most affected by the extreme weather conditions which raise the question of food security.

In the case of food insecurity, there is a tendency for control over unnecessary food storage which ultimately leads to social stress. Thus food insecurity is also a major factor of social stress. In this way assertion and reason both are correct and the reason is also making the correct interpretation of the assertion.

It states that the variation in eccentricity, axial tilt and precession of the Earth's orbit determines climatic patterns on Earth through orbital forcing. Hence, solar irradiance is not concerned with this theory.

UNFCCC is the primary multilateral treaty governing actions to combat climate change through adaptation and mitigation efforts directed at control of emission of Green House Gases (GHGs) that cause global warming. Even though climate change is a global concern some of the countries are majorly responsible for greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Many island nations are facing the major brunt of this Climate Change in the form of sea-level rise, cyclones, erratic weather conditions, etc. UNFCCC is a major step in the direction to control the downward spiral of climate change.

Hence statement 1 is not correct. The universal agreement's main aim is to keep global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Hence statement 2 is correct. Governments decided that they will work to define a clear roadmap on raising climate finance to USD 100 billion by 2020. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Before COP 21 in Paris, countries were asked to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). There was a marked shift in the commitments from various countries. India was clubbed in the group of emerging economies and India lived up to its billing as a responsible nation in tackling climate change.

Before COP 21 in Paris, countries were asked to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). There was a marked shift in the commitments from various countries. India was clubbed in the group of emerging economies and India lived up to its billing as a responsible nation in tackling climate change.

Pre-summit goals set for the COP26:

The COP26 had set itself four goals even before the start of the climate summit. To achieve global net-zero by the middle of the century and keep 1.5 degrees within reach. To adapt to protect communities as well as natural habitats from the impact of climate change. Mobilisation of finances for the stated goals. To work together so that the rules could be listed out in detail and help in the fulfilment of the Paris Agreement.