Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change (Part-II)

Total Questions: 50

41. 'Kyoto Protocol' is related to- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Air pollution
(b) Greenhouse Gas
(c) Climate change
(d) Water pollution

Correct Answer: (c) Climate change

Solution:The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is occurring and that human-made CO₂ emissions are driving it.

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There were 192 parties (Canada withdrew from the protocol, effective December 2012) to the Protocol in 2020.

42. Kyoto Protocol is related to: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

(a) Air pollution
(b) Climate change
(c) Ozone depletion
(d) Wetland Conservation

Correct Answer: (b) Climate change

43. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]

1. Kyoto Protocol came into force in the year 2005.

2. Kyoto Protocol deals primarily with the depletion of the ozone layer.

3. Methane as a greenhouse gas is more harmful than carbon dioxide.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 only
(d) 3 only

Correct Answer: (b) 1 and 3

Solution:The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto on 11 December, 1997, and entered into force on 16 February, 2005. Hence statement (1) is correct.

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Hence statement (2) is incorrect.

The global warming potential (GWP) of a gas depends on the efficiency of the atoms of that gas and it's environmental life-cycle. The environmental life cycle of carbon dioxide is changeable while its global warming potential remain constant (GWP = 1).

The global warming potential of Methane was observed 81.2 in the last twenty years. Therefore, Methane is more dangerous and effective as a greenhouse gas than carbon di-oxide.

44. Which of the following is not correctly matched? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

List 1	List 2
(a) Cartagena Protocol	Bio-safety
(b) Stockholm Convention	Persistent organic pollutant
(c) Montreal Protocol	Ozone Layer
(d) Kyoto Protocol	Climate change

Correct Answer: (d)

Solution:

List 1	List 2
Cartagena Protocol	Bio-safety
Stockholm Convention	Persistent organic pollutant
Montreal Protocol	Ozone Layer
Kyoto Protocol	Climate change

45. In the year 1997, the World Environment Conference was organised in? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) Rio-de-Janeiro
(b) Nairobi
(c) Kyoto
(d) New York

Correct Answer: (c) Kyoto

Solution:In the year 1997, the World Environment Conference was organised in Kyoto, Japan. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted in this conference which came into existence on 16 February, 2005.

46. Which of the following statements is not true about C.D.M.? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]

(a) It controls Greenhouse emission.
(b) It reduces global Warming.
(c) Kyoto Protocol suggests for assessment of the sustainable development of it.
(d) It prohibits developed countries from investing in projects in developing countries.

Correct Answer: (d) It prohibits developed countries from investing in projects in developing countries.

Solution:The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the flexible mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol that provides for emissions reduction projects.

The CDM is one of the Protocol's "project-based" mechanisms and designed to promote projects by developed countries among developing countries that reduce emissions. This can help developed countries getting carbon credit. Thus statement (d) is incorrect.

47. What is 'Greenhouse Gas Protocol'? [I.A.S (Pre) 2016]

(a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions.
(b) It is an initiative of the United Nations to offer financial incentives to developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco-friendly technologies.
(c) It is an inter-governmental agreement ratified by all the member countries of the United Nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to specified levels by the year 2022.
(d) It is one of the multilateral REDD + initiatives hosted by the World Bank.

Correct Answer: (a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions.

Solution:The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) is the most widely used international accounting tool for Government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emission.

A decade-long partnership between the World Resource Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for sustainable development, the GHG Protocol is working with businesses, governments and environmental groups around the world to build a new generation of credible and effective programs for tackling climate change. Hence (a) is the correct answer

48. Consider the following statements: [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]

(i) Kyoto Protocol came into force in the year 2005.

(ii) Kyoto protocol primarily deals with reducing overall greenhouse emissions.

(iii) Carbon dioxide is five times more effective as a greenhouse gas than methane.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) only
(d) (iii) only

Correct Answer: (a) (i) and (ii)

Solution:The Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change was adopted on 11 December, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan.

Kyoto Protocol came into effect on 16 February, 2005. It was adopted as a binding agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emission to the level of 1990. It had provision to reduce by 5.2%. Methane is about 86 times more power as greenhouse than CO₂.

49. In the context of CO₂ Emission and Global Warming, what is the name of a market-driven device under the UNFCC that allows developing countries to get funds/ incentives from the developed countries to adopt better technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions? [I.A.S.(Pre) 2009]

(a) Carbon Footprint
(b) Carbon Credit Rating
(c) Clean Development Mechanism
(d) Emission Reduction Norm

Correct Answer: (c) Clean Development Mechanism

Solution:Carbon trading is an approach used to control carbon dioxide (CO₂) pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving emissions reductions. In the context of CO₂ emission and Global warming.

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the name of a market-driven device under the UNFCC that allows developing countries to get funds or incentives from the developed countries to adopt better technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

50. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]

1. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in respect of carbon credits in one of the Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms.

2. Under the CDM, the projects handled pertain only to the Annex-I countries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1nor 2

Correct Answer: (a) 1 only

Solution:The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), defined in Article 12 of the Protocol, allows a country with an emission reduction or emission limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex B Party) to implement an emission reduction project in developing countries. Such projects can earn saleable certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one ton of CO₂, which can be counted 2 towards meeting Kyoto targets.

The CDM was intended to meet two objectives: (1) To assist parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is to prevent dangerous climate change; and (2) To assist parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments (greenhouse gas (GHG) emission caps).

"Annex I" parties are the countries listed in Annex I of the treaty, the industrialized countries. Non-Annex I parties are developing countries. Thus, projects under the clean Development Mechanism are related to 'Annex I' and 'non- Annex-1' countries.

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