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Heart And Circulatory System (Part-II)

📆 November 5, 2024

Total Questions: 33

1. Blood is red in colour due to the presence of _____ . [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 2.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (d) Haemoglobin
Solution:Red blood cells contain a molecule called haemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen throughout the body. Haemoglobin is made up of four protein chains that each bind an additional ring-shaped chemical structure called heme. Our red blood cells are red because of the heme groups in haemoglobin. In turn, our blood is red because of the millions of red blood cells that it contains.

2. Who performs the task of capturing oxygen in the blood? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.03.2020 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (a) Haemoglobin
Solution:Red blood cells contain a molecule called haemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen throughout the body. Haemoglobin is made up of four protein chains that each bind an additional ring-shaped chemical structure called heme. Our red blood cells are red because of the heme groups in haemoglobin. In turn, our blood is red because of the millions of red blood cells that it contains.

3. Amount of O₂ normally carried by 100 ml of arterial blood is— [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 13.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (c) 20 ml
Solution:Oxygen is carried in the blood either in dissolved form or in association with haemoglobin. However, to calculate the concentration of oxygen transported in the blood, one needs to understand the amount of oxygen carried by each gram of haemoglobin. In a saturated condition, one gram of haemoglobin carries 1.34 ml of oxygen. Normally 100 ml of blood has around 15 gm of haemoglobin in it. Thus, the amount of oxygen carried in 100 ml of pure blood can be calculated as 15 × 1.34 ml = 20 ml.

4. Increased RBC’s in the blood leads to a condition called _____ . [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 31.08.2016 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (c) Polycythemia
Solution:Polycythaemia refers to an increase in the number of red blood cells in the body. The extra cells cause the blood to be thicker, which increases the risk of other health issues, such as blood clots. Polycythaemia can have different causes, each of which has its own treatment options.

5. The pH of human blood is _____ . [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 9.08.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (c) less alkaline
Solution:

The pH of healthy human arterial blood is tightly regulated within a narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. This makes it slightly alkaline. Therefore, compared to a strong base, it is "less alkaline," and certainly not acidic. Maintaining this precise pH is critical for proper physiological function, as even small deviations can have severe health consequences. The body has various buffer systems to maintain this balance.

6. The Rh factor is named after a species of _____ . [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 10.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (b) Monkey
Solution:

The Rh factor (Rhesus factor) is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. It was first discovered in the blood of Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener, which is where it gets its name. Its presence or absence determines whether a person is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, which is crucial for blood transfusions and pregnancy.

7. Who of the four blood groups A, AB, B and O is called universal donor? [S.S.C. Online Stenographer 14.09.2017 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (a) O
Solution:

Blood group O is often referred to as the "universal donor" because individuals with O-negative blood have red blood cells that lack A, B, and Rh antigens on their surface. This means their red blood cells are generally not recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system, making them less likely to cause a severe transfusion reaction. While O-negative is the true universal donor for red blood cells, O-positive can be transfused to all Rh-positive blood types.

8. A universal donor has the blood group _____ . [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (d) O
Solution:

Blood group O is often referred to as the "universal donor" because individuals with O-negative blood have red blood cells that lack A, B, and Rh antigens on their surface. This means their red blood cells are generally not recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system, making them less likely to cause a severe transfusion reaction. While O-negative is the true universal donor for red blood cells, O-positive can be transfused to all Rh-positive blood types.

9. Which of the following blood groups is called the ‘Universal Receiver’? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 14.01.2020 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (c) AB+
Solution:

Blood group AB+ is considered the "universal receiver" (or universal recipient) for red blood cells. Individuals with AB+ blood have A, B, and Rh antigens on the surface of their red blood cells. This means their immune system will not produce antibodies against A, B, or Rh antigens, and thus they can safely receive red blood cells from any other ABO and Rh blood type without a significant transfusion reaction.

10. Where does the Haematopoiesis occur? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 31.08.2016 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (d) Bone marrow
Solution:Hematopoiesis is the process of creating new blood cells. In adults, this vital process primarily occurs in the red bone marrow. The red bone marrow is a spongy tissue found within the cavities of certain bones (like the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis). It contains hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In fetal development, the liver and spleen also play a significant role in hematopoiesis, but this function largely shifts to the bone marrow after birth.
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