Heart And Circulatory System (Part-II)

Total Questions: 33

11. Iron is present in hemoglobin in the form of _____ . [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 20.09.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Un-ionized atom
(b) Only ferric ions
(c) Ferrous ions only
(d) Ferric or ferrous ions depending on the state of oxygen

Correct Answer: (c) Ferrous ions only

Solution:In hemoglobin, the iron atom within the heme group is normally in the ferrous (Fe²⁺) state when it binds to oxygen. This allows it to reversibly bind and release oxygen. If the iron is oxidized to the ferric (Fe³⁺) state, it forms methemoglobin, which cannot bind oxygen. While some ferric iron might exist in methemoglobinemia, in healthy functioning hemoglobin, it's ferrous.

12. Anaemia is related to _____ . [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 9.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Iodine deficiency
(b) Calcium deficiency
(c) Iron deficiency
(d) Food poisoning

Correct Answer: (c) Iron deficiency

Solution:The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, and without enough iron, the body cannot produce sufficient healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen. Iodine deficiency leads to thyroid problems, and calcium deficiency affects bones and teeth.

13. Which of the following is a primary function of haemoglobin? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 25.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Using energy
(b) Preventing anaemia
(c) Destroying bacteria
(d) Carrying oxygen

Correct Answer: (d) Carrying oxygen

Solution:Iron is an essential element for blood production. About 70 percent of your body’s iron is found in red blood cells of your blood called haemoglobin and in muscle cells called myoglobin. Haemoglobin is essential for transferring oxygen in your blood from the lungs to the tissues. Myoglobin, in muscle cells, accepts, stores, transports and releases oxygen.

14. Haemoglobin has the highest affinity with which of the following? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) SO₂
(b) CO₂
(c) CO
(d) NO₂

Correct Answer: (c) CO

Solution:Hemoglobin has an incredibly high affinity for carbon monoxide (CO), significantly higher than its affinity for oxygen (around 200-250 times greater). This is why carbon monoxide poisoning is so dangerous; CO binds to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin, and effectively prevents oxygen from binding, leading to oxygen deprivation in tissues.

15. Oxygen is transported through blood mainly by _____ . [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 20.09.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Leukocytes
(b) Erythrocytes
(c) Thrombocytes
(d) Blood fluid

Correct Answer: (b) Erythrocytes

Solution:Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), function to transport oxygen in the blood. They do so with the help of haemoglobin, a respiratory pigment. The shape and structure of erythrocytes are ideal for this function. They lack a nucleus and few other organelles so that maximum space in the cell can be used to accommodate haemoglobin molecules.

16. Which body part is responsible for manufacturing red blood cells? [SS.C. Online Graduate Level (T-1) 4.03.2020(Shift-II)]

(a) Brain
(b) Lungs
(c) Bone marrow
(d) Heart

Correct Answer: (c) Bone marrow

Solution:Haematopoiesis is the process that creates new blood cells within the body. Haematopoiesis occurs primarily within the bone marrow in adults, and within the bone marrow, liver, and spleen in children. Most blood cells are created in bone marrow, the spongy substance found inside a bone's structure. There are two types of marrow, red and yellow; both contain blood vessels and veins that transport nutrients and waste in and out of bones.

17. In which part of the body is blood produced? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-1) 13.06.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Brain
(b) Bone Marrow
(c) Heart
(d) Lungs

Correct Answer: (b) Bone Marrow

Solution:This is another reiteration. All blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) are produced in the bone marrow through the process of hematopoiesis.

18. Which component of blood is found in the largest amount in blood? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-1) 18.09.2017 (Shift-1)]

(a) Red blood cells
(b) Plasma
(c) Blood protein
(d) White blood cell

Correct Answer: (b) Plasma

Solution:Plasma makes up the largest percentage of blood volume, typically around 55%. It is the liquid matrix of blood, composed mainly of water (about 92%) and containing dissolved proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide, and blood cells themselves. Red blood cells are the most abundant cellular component, but plasma is the largest overall component by volume

19. The instrument used to measure blood pressure is: [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-4) 15.01.2017 (Shift-1)]

(a) Sphygmomanometer
(b) Thermometer
(c) ECG
(d) Stethoscope

Correct Answer: (a) Sphygmomanometer

Solution:

A sphygmomanometer is the medical instrument used to measure blood pressure. There are two levels of blood pressure in the arteries. The first is called systolic pressure and the second is called diastolic pressure. Normally, the systolic pressure in human arteries is 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg.

20. Blood pressure is measured by: [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-4) 20.01.2017 (Shift-1)]

(a) Barometer
(b) Sphygmomanometer
(c) Hydrometer
(d) Thermometer

Correct Answer: (b) Sphygmomanometer