Human Anatomy and Physiology : II. Digestive System

Total Questions: 42

41. Consider the following : [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]

i. This is the second largest gland of the human body.
ii. Its secretion comes out from a characteristic type of cells and is alkaline.
iii. Its secretion is said to be complete digestive juice.

These characteristics are of

Correct Answer: (c) pancreas
Solution:The liver is the largest gland while pancreas is the second largest gland of the human body. The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates.

In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. The pancreas is also a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice that is alkaline. Its secretion is said to be complete digestive juice.

42. With reference to normal human beings, consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]

  1. In response to the presence of HCl, secretin is produced from the duodenum.
  2. Enterogastrone is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty acids.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:

Secretin is synthesized in cytoplasmic secretory granules of S-cells, which are found mainly in the mucosa of the duodenum. It is released into circulation and/or intestinal lumen in response to acidity (low duodenal pH), which is due to hydrochloric acid in the chyme that enters the duodenum from the stomach.

Its primary function is to neutralize the pH in the duodenum, allowing digestive enzymes from the pancreas to function optimally.

Enterogastrone is a hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum (first section of the small intestine) in the lower gastrointestinal tract when fatty acids are in the stomach or small intestine. It inhibits the caudal (forward, analward) motion of the contents of chyme.