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Human Anatomy and Physiology : VI. Excretory System

📆 October 29, 2024

Total Questions: 18

1. Which one of the following human organs is responsible for detoxification of alcohol? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) Liver
Solution:The liver is responsible for the detoxification of alcohol. Liver detoxify harmful substances through the complex chemical reactions. It breaks down alcohol through enzymes like alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), converting it to acetaldehyde and then further to acetate, which can then be used as energy. If alcohol consumption exceeds the liver's capacity, it can lead to various liver diseases.

2. A healthy human being excretes the following litres of urine in 24 hours – [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]

Correct Answer: (a) 1.5
Solution:Excretion of average urine in the adult human body is around 1.5 litres per day. About 91-96% of urine consist of water. Waste is excreted from the human body, mainly in the form of urine. Our kidneys play a major role in the process of excretion. Constituents of normal human urine include 95 per cent water and 5 per cent solid wastes. It is produced in the nephron, which is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Urine formation in our body is mainly carried out in three phases namely.

1. Glomerular filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion

3. The yellow colour of human urine is due to a pigment called – [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]

Correct Answer: (b) Urochrome
Solution:A pigment urochrome is the reason for the yellow colour of human urine. It is also known as urobilin.
  • Cytochrome:
    Cytochromes are a type of protein involved in electron transport in cellular respiration. They are not responsible for the color of urine.
  • Haemochrome:
    Haemochrome is a type of heme-containing protein that can be found in lysosomes. It is not directly involved in the yellow color of urine.
  • Phenolochrome:
    This term is not associated with any biological pigments or compounds that are known to cause urine discoloration.

4. With reference to the work of human kidney, consider the following statements – [I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]

  1. After the waste is removed in the kidney, the cleaner blood is sent back through renal artery.
  2. From Bowman’s capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (b) only 2
Solution:The renal artery carries blood that contains waste products to the nephrons for filtering. After waste products are removed, cleaner blood leaves the kidney by way of the renal vein. Thus, statement 1 is wrong while statement 2 is correct. From Bowman’s capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein.

5. The process by which blood is purified in human body is called [44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]

Correct Answer: (a) Dialysis
Solution:Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure. Dialysis filters out unwanted substances and fluids from the blood.
  • Osmosis: This is a fundamental process involving the movement of water across a membrane based on water concentration gradients.
  • Haemolysis: This refers to the destruction of red blood cells.
  • Paralysis: This is a state of loss of muscle function.

6. 'Dialysis' is related to ? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]

Correct Answer: (b) Kidney
Solution:Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure. Dialysis filters out unwanted substances and fluids from the blood.
  • Osmosis: This is a fundamental process involving the movement of water across a membrane based on water concentration gradients.
  • Haemolysis: This refers to the destruction of red blood cells.
  • Paralysis: This is a state of loss of muscle function.

7. The dialyzer is used for the work of- [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]

Correct Answer: (b) Kidney
Solution:The treatment options for kidney failure are peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis and kidney transplant. A dialyzer is an artificial kidney designed to provide controllable transfer of solutes and water across a semipermeable membrane separating flowing blood and dialysate streams.

8. Which of the following is correct? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (c) All the blood in the body is filtered through the kidneys.
Solution:Kidneys remove excess organic molecules from the blood and, it is by this action that their best-known function is performed—the removal of waste products of metabolism. They serve the body as a natural filter of the blood and remove water-soluble wastes, such as urea and ammonium and they are also responsible for the reabsorption of water, glucose and amino acids.

9. Where is urea separated from the blood? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]

Correct Answer: (d) Kidney
Solution:The process, ultrafiltration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the renal capsule in the kidney. The kidneys remove urea and other toxic wastes from the blood, forming a dilute solution called urine in the process.

10. The kidneys in human beings are a part of system for [M.P.R.C.S. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (c) Excretion
Solution:In humans, kidneys are the main organ of the excretion system. Filtering the blood and removing unnecessary and waste products from the body is the basic function of kidney.
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