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Human Anatomy and Physiology: VII. Nervous System

📆 October 29, 2024

Total Questions: 14

1. There are how many pairs of cranial nerves in human? [M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

Correct Answer: (b) 12
Solution:Nerves that exit from the cranium are called cranial nerves.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves which are found on the ventral (bottom) surface of the brain.

2. How many pairs of nerves arise from the spinal cord? [45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]

Correct Answer: (b) 31
Solution:Nerves that arise from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves. A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In human there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column. These are grouped into the corresponding cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions of the spine. There are eight pairs of cervical nerves, twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral nerves and one pair of coccygeal nerves. The spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.

3. Input and output nerves meet at: [69th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (b) central nervous system
Solution:The central nervous system has four parts, namely, Brain, Spinal cord, Nerve and Neurons. The Input and output nerves meet at several places, particularly in the spinal cord. Nerves from all over the body meet in a bundle in the spinal cord on their way to the brain. Reflex arcs are formed in this spinal cord itself, although the information input also goes on to reach the brain. They do not meet in the liver or the heart as they do not form part of nervous system.

4. The brain is responsible for: [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above
Solution:The brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and it performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing as well as speech, reasoning, learning and fine control of movement. The function of the cerebellum is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture and balance. The brainstem performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, etc. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

5. Consider the following statements about human brain: [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

  1. The brain is responsible for regulating the heartbeat.
  2. It is responsible for balancing the body.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Code :

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 2 both are correct
Solution:The brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and it performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing as well as speech, reasoning, learning and fine control of movement. The function of the cerebellum is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture and balance. The brainstem performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, etc. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

6. Where is the governing centre of reflex action located? [45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]

Correct Answer: (c) In spinal cord
Solution:A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls an action reflex. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain, although the brain will receive sensory input while the reflex action occurs. There are two types of reflex arc- autonomic reflex arc (affecting inner organs) and somatic reflex arc (affecting muscles).

7. Which one of the following organs will not feel any pain on being pricked by a needle? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (b) Brain
Solution:There is no pain or tactile (touch) receptors of any type in the brain itself. So, a needle or even more invasive brain surgery is not associated with any “sensation” of the brain. Brain does not have any pain receptors.

8. In a human brain memory power is found in : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (b) Cerebrum
Solution:The three main parts of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brainstem. The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and it is the part that controls movement, thinking, feeling and general problem-solving abilities. The cerebellum is smaller than the cerebrum. This part of the brain sits at the back of your skull, underneath the cerebrum. The cerebellum is responsible for controlling co-ordination and balance. The hippocampus is the part of the cerebrum that deals with memory.

9. "Satiety" and "thirst" centres in humans are located in which of the following parts of the brain? [U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]

Correct Answer: (b) Hypothalamus
Solution:"Satiety" and "thirst" centres in humans are located in the hypothalamus of the brain. This area of the brain governs body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, circadian rhythm, moods, sex drive and the release of various hormones in the body.
  • Forebrain:
    The largest and most complex part of the brain, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like thought, memory, and language.
  • Medulla:
    The lowest part of the brainstem, also known as the medulla oblongata, which is responsible for regulating vital autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
  • Optic Lobe (Optic Tectum):
    A midbrain structure in some animals (like amphibians) that processes visual information. In humans, the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe is the primary site of visual processing.

10. Body temperature is regulated by: [65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019, 64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) hypothalamus
Solution:The average normal temperature of the human body is 98.6°F. The hypothalamus controls body temperature. It also controls hunger, important aspects of parenting and attachment behaviours, thirst, fatigue, sleep and circadian rhythms.
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