Human Anatomy and Physiology: VIII. Endocrine System

Total Questions: 52

21. Which hormone is produced in pancreas? [66ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020]

Correct Answer: (b) Insulin

Solution:Insulin hormones is secreted by the Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans of Pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells.

22. Which metal is present in insulin? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Tin
(b) Copper
(c) Zinc
(d) Sulphur

Correct Answer: (c) Zinc

Solution:Insulin is a protein hormone that contains zinc as a crucial component of its structure. Zinc is essential for maintaining the proper folding and stability of the insulin molecule. It also plays a role in the insulin's biological activity, specifically in facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells. When the body digests food rich in carbohydrates, glucose is released into the bloodstream. This leads to an increase in blood glucose levels in the body. Consequently, the pancreas sends chemical signals in the form of insulin that direct all the cells in the body to take in the glucose. Most of this glucose is used up to provide energy to the cells. The excess glucose in the bloodstream is converted into glycogen and absorbed by the liver and muscle cells to be used later. Ultimately, Insulin release lowers blood glucose levels.

23. Insulin is received from : [39ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Rhizome of ginger
(b) Roots of dahlia
(c) Balsam flower
(d) Potatoes tuber

Correct Answer: (b) Roots of dahlia

Solution:Insulin is a hormone which plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose level. The main source of insulin are from the roots of dahlias and beta (β) cells of the pancreas.

24. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]

Hormone	Function
(a) Insulin	regulation of blood glucose
(b) Melatonin	regulation of sleep
(c) Oxytocin	release of milk from mammary glands
(d) Gastrin	regulation of blood pressure

Correct Answer: (d)

Solution:Gastrin is a peptide hormone which stimulates secretion of gastric acid by gastric cells. Thus, it is clear that option (d) is not correctly matched. Pairs of other options are correctly matched.

25. Hugging and kissing of mother to her baby initiates, which of following hormone for secretion? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]

(a) Insulin
(b) Noradrenaline
(c) Follicular hormone
(d) Oxytocin

Correct Answer: (d) Oxytocin

Solution:Oxytocin, sometimes called the hormone of love not only induces uterine contractions during childbirth but is also released when a mother nurses her baby and is responsible at first touch, for her feeling of attachment to the newborn. The instinct to want to cuddle continues to intensify; hence oxytocin often referred as the 'cuddle hormone'. It used to prescribe to women to induce labour pain and facilitate breast-feeding.

26. Which of the following hormones play a role in release of milk from mammary glands? [60ᵗʰ to 62ⁿᵈ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) Oxytocin

Solution:Oxytocin has two target tissues- women's uterus and their breast. Oxytocin stretches the cervix and uterus during labour and stimulates the nipples for breast-feeding. Oxytocin also plays a role in release of milk from mammary glands.

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is primarily responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for stress situations. Adrenaline regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and other physiological changes during emergency situations.

Thyroxine is involved in regulating metabolism, particularly the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It also influences body temperature and other metabolic processes.

Progesterone is a female sex hormone crucial for regulating the menstrual cycle, supporting pregnancy, and preventing endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining).

27. Which of the following hormones has been misused for increasing milk production in animals and to increase the size of vegetables such as pumpkins, watermelons etc.? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

(a) Humulin
(b) Oxytocin
(c) Thyroxine
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (b) Oxytocin

Solution:Oxytocin hormone has been misused for increasing milk production in cattle by dairy owners and also to increase the size of vegetables and fruits by farmers. Oxytocin is also misused to speed labours (child birth) in overcrowded labour wards or even in home settings.

Thyroxine (T4) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It is derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

Humulin is a brand name for insulin, a peptide hormone that is involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

28. Which one of the following is not a protein ? [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008]

(a) Keratin
(b) Fibrin
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Collagen

Correct Answer: (c) Oxytocin

Solution:Keratin is a fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, nails etc. Fibroin is an insoluble protein present in silk-produced by the larvae of Bombyx mori. Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in the body. Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide.

29. Which hormone is injected to cows and buffaloes to make the milk descend to the udders : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

(a) Somatotropin
(b) Oxytocin
(c) Interferon
(d) Insulin

Correct Answer: (b) Oxytocin

Solution:Oxytocin is released in large amounts after distension of the cervix and uterus during labour, facilitating birth, maternal bonding and after stimulation of the nipples, lactation. Both childbirth and milk ejection result from positive feedback mechanisms. Oxytocin hormone (brand name - Pitocin) is injected to cows and buffaloes to make the milk descend to the udders.

30. Which gland secretes the milk ejection hormone oxytocin? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2007]

(a) Pituitary gland
(b) Thyroid gland
(c) Parathyroid gland
(d) Adrenal gland

Correct Answer: (a) Pituitary gland

Solution:The pituitary gland is called the master gland of the body which regulates the activities of all the internally secreting glands. Oxytocin is a mammalian neurohypophyseal hormone, produced in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus by nerve axons and released by the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin acts primarily as a neuromodulator in the brain.

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