Human Anatomy and Physiology: VIII. Endocrine System

Total Questions: 52

41. Secretion of which hormone increases heartbeat and produces a feeling of excitement? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2003]

(a) Cortisone
(b) Insulin
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Testosterone

Correct Answer: (c) Adrenaline

Solution:Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is commonly known as the 'fight or flight hormone'. Adrenaline is a hormone released from the adrenal glands and its major action together with noradrenaline is to prepare the body for fight or flight. Adrenaline causes dilation of blood vessels (vasodilation) which supply the brain, skeletal muscles, heart, lungs, liver, adipose tissues, sensory organs etc. Due to increased blood supply, these organs become very active and excited inducing alarm reaction, contraction of cardiac muscles, increasing both rate and force of heartbeat, pulse rate, arterial pressure and cardiac output. It produces a feeling of excitement.

42. By whom estrogen is produced – [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Egg
(b) Follicles
(c) Corpus luteum
(d) Uterus

Correct Answer: (b) Follicles

Solution:Estrogen hormones are produced primarily by the ovaries. They are released by the follicles on the ovaries and are also secreted by the corpus luteum after the egg has been released from the follicle and from the placenta. The primary function of estrogens is the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. These include breasts, endometrium, the menstrual cycle, etc.

43. What is estrogen? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000, U.P Lower (Pre) 2004]

(a) Bone
(b) Hormone
(c) Enzyme
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (b) Hormone

44. The female sex hormone is: [66ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]

Correct Answer: (a) Estrogen

Solution:Among the given options, estrogen (oestrogen) is the female sex hormone. It is produced primarily by the ovaries and is responsible for the development and function of the female reproductive organs and sexual characteristics.

45. Which one of the following is a female sex-hormone? [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]

(a) Androsterone
(b) Testosterone
(c) Estrone
(d) Thyroxine

Correct Answer: (c) Estrone

Solution:Estrone is a weak postmenopausal estrogen and a minor female sex hormone. Estrogen (Oestrogen) is the actual female sex hormone. Testosterone is a male sex hormone which also includes Androgen. Thyroxine hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland which regulates the metabolism of the body.

46. After menopause, production of which of the following hormones does not take place in women? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Progesterone
(b) Testosterone
(c) Estrogen
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (c) Estrogen

Solution:Menopause is marked by the following hormonal changes: Ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone ends. Although the ovaries stop producing estrogen, they still continue to produce a small amount of the male hormone testosterone, which can be converted to estrogen (estradiol) in body fat. In addition, the adrenal gland continues to produce androstenedione (a male hormone), which is converted to estrone and estradiol in the body fat. The total estrogen produced after menopause is however far less than that produced during a woman's reproductive years. Initially, in the answer key released by UPPSC, the correct answer to this question was marked as option (c) but later in revised answer key, UPPSC has cancelled this question.

47. With reference to the human body, consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]

1. The production of somatotropin goes up when a person exercises.

2. Men's testes produce progesterone.

3. Women's adrenal glands secrete testosterone.

4. Stress causes the adrenals to release very less amount of cortisol than usual.

Which of these statements are correct?

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 4

Correct Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell production and regeneration in human and other animals. The production of somatotropin goes up when a person exercises. Progesterone is primarily a female sex hormone, but it is produced in small amount within men. Progesterone is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, testes and brain, and in the placenta during pregnancy. Testosterone is a naturally occuring sex hormone that is produced in a men's testicles. Small amount of testosterone is also produced in a woman's ovaries and adrenal glands. Cortisol is produced in humans by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex within the adrenal gland Its release is increased in response to stress and low blood- glucose concentration.

48. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer with codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

below:

List-I	List-II
A. Hormone	1. Lipase
B. Enzyme	2. Testosterone
C. Phospholipid	3. Lecithin
D. Polymer	4. Polythene

Code:

Code	A	B	C	D
(a)	2	1	3	4
(b)	4	3	1	2
(c)	3	4	2	1
(d)	1	2	4	3

Correct Answer: (a)

Solution:The correctly matched lists are as follows:

List-I	List-II
Hormone	Testosterone
Enzyme	Lipase
Phospholipid	Lecithin
Polymer	Polythene

49. In human body, which one of the following hormones regulates blood calcium and phosphate? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]

(a) Glucagon
(b) Growth hormone
(c) Parathyroid hormone
(d) Thyroxine

Correct Answer: (c) Parathyroid hormone

Solution:Parathyroid hormone (PTH), secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands, is a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium through its effects on the tissues. PTH reduces the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney, which means more phosphate is excreted through in the urine

50. Consider the following statements: [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]

Assertion (A) : During sleep, bright light is undesirable.
Reason (R) : In bright light, production of melatonin in the body is considerably increased.

Select your answer using the codes given below.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Solution:Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. It helps to regulate other hormones and maintains the body’s circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is an internal 24-hour 'clock' that plays a critical role at the time when we fall asleep and when we wake up. When it is dark, our body produces more melatonin. When it is bright, the production of melatonin drops. Clearly, the reason (R) is false, but assertion (A) is correct.

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