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India : Population (Part – I)

📆 October 24, 2024

Total Questions: 50

1. Natural growth of population is the outcome of which of the following? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

A. Crude Birth Rate

B. Crude Death Rate

C. Migration

D. Marriages

Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes:

Correct Answer: (d) A and B
Solution:Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference between the births and deaths of a country or place is called the natural change in population. Thus, natural growth of population is calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate.

India is the most populous country in the world with 1.44 billion people. Surpassing China recently. It will continue to rise until reaching 1.52 billion by 2036, according to India's National Commission on Population. India has a huge advantage as well as challenges to tap the potential benefits of its large population with religious and ethnic diversities.
The Government of India has taken several steps to directly control the population growth. India was the first country to launch a national programme of family planning in 1952, that emphasised the necessity of reducing birth rates to stabilize the population.

2. Which arrangement of following would show sequence of demographic transition as typically associated with economic development? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

1. High birth rate with high death rate.

2. Low birth rate with low death rate.

3. High birth rate with low death rate.

Correct sequence is:

Correct Answer: (b) 1, 3, 2
Solution:The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another. The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentieth century, but it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many others. There are four stages to the classical demographic transition model.

Stage I: This stage is particularly seen in least developed countries where birth and death rates are high, due to which the population becomes stable.

Stage II: With the process of development, the birth rate is high, but due to improvements in food supply and sanitation and improved health facilities, the death rate decreases.

Stage III: Birth rate fall but the population increases continuously, because there are a large number of people in the reproductive age group due to the high fertility of earlier generations.

Stage IV: In this stage, both the birth and death rates be. come low and thus population become more stable than the first phase.

3. Consider the following specific stages of demographic transition associated with economic development: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]

1. Low birth rate with low death rate.

2. High birth rate with high death rate.

3. High birth rate with low death rate.

Select the correct order of the above stages using the codes given below:

Correct Answer: (c) 2 ,3, 1
Solution:The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another. The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentieth century, but it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many others. There are four stages to the classical demographic transition model.

Stage I: This stage is particularly seen in least developed countries where birth and death rates are high, due to which the population becomes stable.

Stage II: With the process of development, the birth rate is high, but due to improvements in food supply and sanitation and improved health facilities, the death rate decreases.

Stage III: Birth rate fall but the population increases continuously, because there are a large number of people in the reproductive age group due to the high fertility of earlier generations.

Stage IV: In this stage, both the birth and death rates be. come low and thus population become more stable than the first phase.

4. A gradual change in the manner of population growth occurring over a long period of time is known as: [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) Demographic transition
Solution:The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another. The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentieth century, but it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many others. There are four stages to the classical demographic transition model.

Stage I: This stage is particularly seen in least developed countries where birth and death rates are high, due to which the population becomes stable.

Stage II: With the process of development, the birth rate is high, but due to improvements in food supply and sanitation and improved health facilities, the death rate decreases.

Stage III: Birth rate fall but the population increases continuously, because there are a large number of people in the reproductive age group due to the high fertility of earlier generations.

Stage IV: In this stage, both the birth and death rates be. come low and thus population become more stable than the first phase.

5. Select one of the following set of processes leading to stable population structure: [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (c) Constant birth and death rate
Solution:In case of a stable population structure, both the birth and death rates remain at a controlled and low level, that is, both of them change at the same rate, so that the population growth is negligible and population remains constant.

The needed birth rate for a stable population is determined by the current mortality rate, which is connected to life expectancy. If long life is recognized and death control is implemented, then the birth rate must fall to meet the new death rate, or the population must grow. Because the population cannot continue to grow indefinitely, the birth rate must fall-it is a matter of when, not if- or else mortality will rise and life expectancy will fall.

6. At present India's population growth is passing through the phase of which one of the following? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) High growth rate with definite signs of slowing down
Solution:At present, India's population growth is passing through the phase of high growth rate with definite signs of slowing down.
  • As per United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), 67,385 babies are born per day in India. This is one-sixth of the total childbirth in the world.
  • The annual birth rate in India accounts for one-fifth of the world's yearly childbirth. Approximately 25 million babies are born per year in India.
  • The crude birth rate in India is 17 births per 1000 persons. The natural birth rate is the live births per thousand population in a year, estimated at mid-year.
  • By the United Nations (UN) World population prospect, the sex ratio at birth in India is 110 boys for every 100 girls.
  • In India, Bihar has the highest birth rate, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
  • The lowest birth rate in India is reported in Kerala, followed by Punjab, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal,

7. What to the main reason in India for increasing population? [M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

Correct Answer: (a) Reduction in death rate
Solution:The main reason for the large growth in population in India are: (i) decline in the death rate and (ii) a persistently high birth rate. India was in the 2nd phase of the demographic transition during the question time. The speciality of the 2nd phase of the demographic transition is that there is a rapid reduction in mortality due to the availability of better food and health facilities, but a very slow decrease in birth rate, or more or less it remains constant. This is why the rapid increase in population is reflected in the 2nd phase of the demographic transition.
  • The mortality rate or death rate is defined as the number of deaths in a particular population during a specific time.
  • According to World Bank's data, the mortality rate or crude death rate in India is 7.30 per 1000 persons.
  • In India, approximately 26789 deaths are reported per day.
  • In the 2019 survey, India's Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 30 deaths per 1000 live births.
  • In 2019, the female mortality rate was 145.05 per 1000 female adults, and the male mortality rate was 201.4 per 1000 male adults in India.

8. According to Malthus, which one of the following is the most effective measure of population control? [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (c) Birth control
Solution:Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) was an English economist and demographer, who is best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without stern limits on reproduction. In his 1798 book 'An Essay on the Principle of Population', Malthus argued that the increase of population will take place, if unchecked, in a geometric progression, while the means of subsistence will increase in only an arithmetic progression. Malthus believed that there were two types of 'checks' which could restrict check this excessive growth: 'preventive checks', such as moral restraints (absistence and delaying marriage), and 'positive checks', which lead to premature death such as disease, vice, war and misery or starvation. Malthus recommended the workers to practice birth control through moral restraints in order to remedy the social evils they faced. Hence, option (c) is the appropriate answer.

9. According to Malthusian Theory of Population, population increases in: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) Geometrical Progression
Solution:Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) was an English economist and demographer, who is best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without stern limits on reproduction. In his 1798 book 'An Essay on the Principle of Population', Malthus argued that the increase of population will take place, if unchecked, in a geometric progression, while the means of subsistence will increase in only an arithmetic progression. Malthus believed that there were two types of 'checks' which could restrict check this excessive growth: 'preventive checks', such as moral restraints (absistence and delaying marriage), and 'positive checks', which lead to premature death such as disease, vice, war and misery or starvation. Malthus recommended the workers to practice birth control through moral restraints in order to remedy the social evils they faced.

10. T. Malthus propounded one of the most famous theories, called "The Malthusian Theory' which is related to: [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (a) Population
Solution:Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) was an English economist and demographer, who is best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without stern limits on reproduction. In his 1798 book 'An Essay on the Principle of Population', Malthus argued that the increase of population will take place, if unchecked, in a geometric progression, while the means of subsistence will increase in only an arithmetic progression. Malthus believed that there were two types of 'checks' which could restrict check this excessive growth: 'preventive checks', such as moral restraints (absistence and delaying marriage), and 'positive checks', which lead to premature death such as disease, vice, war and misery or starvation. Malthus recommended the workers to practice birth control through moral restraints in order to remedy the social evils they faced.
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