India : Population (Part – IV)

Total Questions: 50

31. What is the correct sequence of the descending order of the following States in respect of female literacy rates as per the 1991 Census? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]

1. Mizoram

2. Kerala

3. Goa

4. Nagaland

Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 2, 3, 1,4
(b) 2, 1, 3, 4
(c) 2, 3, 4, 1
(d) 1, 2, 4, 3

Correct Answer: (b) 2, 1, 3, 4

Solution:The female literacy rates (in percentage) of the above mentioned States are as follows:

State	Female Literacy Rate (1991)	Female Literacy Rate (2011)
(a) Kerala	86.1%	92.1%
(b) Mizoram	78.6%	89.3%
(c) Goa	67.1%	84.7%
(d) Nagaland	54.8%	76.1%

Hence, it is clear that as per the question period and at present, the correct answer is option (b).

32. According to the 2011 Census, which of the following States has the highest (percentage) female literacy rate? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Mizoram
(b) Goa
(c) Himachal Pradesh
(d) Maharashtra

Correct Answer: (a) Mizoram

Solution:According to the 2011 Census, the female literacy rates of the given States are as follows:

State	Female Literacy Rate (2011)
(a) Mizoram	89.3%
(b) Goa	84.7%
(c) Himachal Pradesh	75.9%
(d) Maharashtra	75.9%

33. Which of the following States had the highest female literacy rate in the year 2001? [U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]

(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Mizoram
(d) Chandigarh

Correct Answer: (c) Mizoram

Solution:As per both the Census 2001 and 2011, option (c) is the correct answer. According to the Census 2011, the female literacy rates of the given States are as follows:

State/UT	Female Literacy Rate (%) 2011
Tamil Nadu	73.4%
Maharashtra	75.9%
Mizoram	89.3%
Chandigarh	81.2%

34. As per Census 2001, which of the following States has the lowest female literacy? [R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2002, 2003]

(a) Bihar
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Correct Answer: (a) Bihar

Solution:The female literacy rates (%) of the given States are as follows:

State	Female Literacy Rate 2001 (%)	Female Literacy Rate 2011 (%)
Bihar	33.1%	51.5%
Jharkhand	38.9%	55.4%
Uttar Pradesh	42.2%	57.2%
Chhattisgarh	51.9%	60.2%

As per Census 2011, three states with the lowest female literacy rate are: Bihar Rajasthan < Jharkhand.

35. As per Census 2011, which among the following Indian States recorded lowest female literacy? [U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]

(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Kerala
(d) Andhra Pradesh

Correct Answer: (b) Rajasthan

Solution:As per Census 2011, among the given States lowest female literacy was recorded in Rajasthan (52.1%).

Measures taken in India towards increasing Literacy rate

The Constitution of India recognizes the importance of education for all. Therefore, it lays down several provisions to ensure proper and effective implementation of educational rights in the country, which include:
∗ Education of Minorities: Article 30 of the Indian Constitution gives all minorities the right to establish and administer institutions of their
own choice
∗ Free and Compulsory Education: The Constitution of India (u/a 41, 45 and 46 of the Directive Principles of State Policy) instructs the state to ensure that all citizens receive free education
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
∗ The program was launched in 2001, and it aims to universalise education and improves its quality by time-bound implementation strategy and context-specific planning. It includes children from all social classes
Midday Meal Scheme
∗ This plan was launched in 1995 to provide mid-day meals to children studying in primary class. The main objective of creating this scheme was to eliminate classroom hunger of children and to increase attendance and enrolment of children at schools
The Right to Education (RTE) Act was enacted in 2009, and this Act made education for every child between 6 and 14 years a fundamental right
The National Education Policy 2020, aims to achieve 100% youth and adult literacy.

36. Which of the following States has the lowest female literacy rate, as per the Census 2011 provisional figures? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]

(a) Rajasthan
(b) Bihar
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Correct Answer: (a) Rajasthan

Solution:As per provisional figures of Census 2011, the female literacy rate of Rajasthan was 52.66 percent, which was lowest. But, according to final figures of Census 2011, the lowest female literacy rate is in the State of Bihar (51.5%).

Literates and Illiterates by Gender

One of the interesting feature of Census 2011 is that out of total literates added during the decade, females out number males
The decadal(from 2001-2011) increase in number of literates among males is 31.98%; while the corresponding increase in case of females is of 49.1%
The above two changes are a clear indication of the fact that gender gap in literacy is shrinking in the country
Lakshadweep(96.11%) hold the first position in the country with respect to male literacy rate; while Kerala (96.02%) ranks second
∗ Bihar(73.39%) state has recorded the lowest male literacy rate
Kerala state holds the first rank, in female literacy with 91.98%.
∗ Rajasthan(52.66%) state has recorded the lowest female literacy rate

37. What is the female literacy rate of Bihar as per the Census 2011 of India? [B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2022]

Correct Answer: (d) 51.50%

Literates and Illiterates by Gender

One of the interesting feature of Census 2011 is that out of total literates added during the decade, females out number males
The decadal(from 2001-2011) increase in number of literates among males is 31.98%; while the corresponding increase in case of females is of 49.1%
The above two changes are a clear indication of the fact that gender gap in literacy is shrinking in the country
Lakshadweep(96.11%) hold the first position in the country with respect to male literacy rate; while Kerala (96.02%) ranks second
∗ Bihar(73.39%) state has recorded the lowest male literacy rate
Kerala state holds the first rank, in female literacy with 91.98%.
∗ Rajasthan(52.66%) state has recorded the lowest female literacy rate

38. Among the following Union Territories the female literacy is highest according to Census 2011: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Puducherry
(b) Chandigarh
(c) Daman and Diu
(d) Lakshadweep

Correct Answer: (d) Lakshadweep

Solution:As per final data of Census 2011, Lakshadweep holds the top position in terms of total literacy, male literacy and female literacy, among all the Union Territories of the Country. The female literacy rates in the Union Territories given in the question are as follows: Puducherry (80.7%), Chandigarh (81.2%), Daman and Diu (79.5%) and Lakshadweep (87.9%).

39. According to the provisional data of Census 2011, which one of the following States has the highest literacy rate: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]

(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Correct Answer: (c) Uttarakhand

Solution:According to the provisional and final data of Census 2011, Uttarakhand has the highest literacy rate among the given States. As per the final data of Census 2011, the literacy rates of the given States are as follows:

State	Literacy Rate (%)
Andhra Pradesh	67.0
Madhya Pradesh	69.3
Uttarakhand	78.8
Uttar Pradesh	67.7

40. Which of the following States of India has lowest literacy rate, as per provisional figures of Census 2011? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]

(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand

Correct Answer: (b) Bihar

Solution:As per provisional figures of Census 2011, the State with lowest literacy rate in India is Bihar (63.82%), while the State with the highest literacy rate is Kerala (93.9%). On the basis of final data of Census 2011, the States with minimum and maximum literacy rate are Bihar (61.8%) and Kerala (94.0%) respectively.

Regional Variations in Literacy Rates

Kerala ranks first in the country with a literacy rate of 93.91%, closely followed by Lakshadweep (92.28%) and Mizoram(91.58%).
Bihar with a literacy rate of 63.82% ranks last in the country, preceded by Arunachal Pradesh (66.95%) and Rajasthan (67.06%).
The gap in literacy rates of males and females is lowest in Meghalaya (3.1 percentage points) and less than 5 percentage points in the States of Kerala and Mizoram and between 5 to 10 percentage points in A&N Island, Chandigarh, Goa, Lakshadweep Nagaland, Punjab and Tripura.
The gap in literacy rates of males and females is highest in the State of Rajasthan (27.1 percentage points) and much more in the States of Chhattisgarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.

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