India : Population (Part – VII)

Total Questions: 47

31. Which State has topped the list of States with most number of beggars, as per data released by the Union Ministry of Social Justice? [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]

(a) West Bengal
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Bihar
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Correct Answer: (a) West Bengal

Solution:According to the data released by the Union Ministry of Social Justice in March 2018, there were total 413670 beg- gars in the country as per Census 2011. The highest number of beggars is in West Bengal (81244) which is followed by Uttar Pradesh (65835).

Begging, also referred to as panhandling, is the practice of soliciting alms or other forms of help from others with little or no expectation of reciprocation.
Background: Begging has always been seen as a noble deed. The term "bhiksha" (alms) is used often in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. "Zakat" is a fundamental principle of the Islamic religion. However, in recent times it has become a problem with several socio economic consequences.

32. Consider the decadal Census data given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]

Year	Decadal Population (in Millions)
1961	10.7
1971	14.3
1981	16.2
1991	18.9

(a) Sikhs
(b) Jains
(c) Christians
(d) Buddhists

Correct Answer: (c) Christians

Solution:The above data refer to Christians population among the given 'Population by Religion' groups. As per 1991 Census, the total population of Christians in the country was 18.9 million, which was 2.25 percent of the total population of that time. According to the Census 2011, the population of Chris- tians in India is approximately 27.8 million, which accounts for 2.3 percent of the total population.

The proportion of Hindu population to the total population has declined slightly over the 2001-2011 decade.
The proportion of Muslim population has increased slightly.
There has been little change in the proportion of Christians and Jains.
The growth rate of the Muslim population (24.6%) was higher than that of the Hindu population (16.8%) during the 2001-2011 decade
Population Distribution by Religion (2011 Census):
Hindu: 79.8%
Muslim: 14.2%
Christian: 2.3%
Sikh: 1.7%
Buddhist: 0.7%
Jain: 0.4%

33. Arrange the following religious communities of India in ascending order of their population size and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]

Religious community:

1. Buddhist

2. Christian

3. Jain

4. Sikh

Code:

(a) 1, 2, 4, 3
(b) 4,1, 3, 2
(c) 3, 1, 4, 2
(d) 3, 2, 1, 4

Correct Answer: (c) 3, 1, 4, 2

Solution:According to Census 2001 and 2011, the ascending order of given religious communities and their respective population is as follows:

Religious Community	Population (2001)	Population (2011)
Jain	4,225,053	4,451,753
Buddhist	7,955,207	8,442,972
Sikh	19,215,730	20,833,116
Christian	24,080,016	27,819,588

34. Which State of India has the largest Muslim population according to the 2001 Census? [U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]

(a) Assam
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) West Bengal

Correct Answer: (c) Uttar Pradesh

Solution:According to both the Census 2001 and 2011, option (c) is the correct answer. As per the Census 2011, the States with the highest Muslim population are as follows:

State	Muslim Population (2011)
Uttar Pradesh	38,483,967
West Bengal	24,654,825
Bihar	17,557,809
Maharashtra	12,971,152
Assam	10,679,345

35. According to the 1991 Census, the percentage share of Christians in the total population of the State is highest in: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]

(a) Meghalaya
(b) Nagaland
(c) Mizoram
(d) Arunachal Pradesh

Correct Answer: (b) Nagaland

Solution:Among the Northeastern States, Nagaland has the highest proportion (90% as per the 1991 Census) of Christians in the State's population. The total population of Nagaland in 1991 was 1.2 million (or about 12 lakh), of which the number of Christians was about 10.57 lakh. As per 2011 Census, the top three States with the highest percentage of Christian population are: Nagaland (87.93%), Mizoram (87.16%) and Meghalaya (74.59%).

36. The largest number of Buddhists is found in: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]

(a) Bihar
(b) Karnataka
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Arunachal Pradesh

Correct Answer: (c) Maharashtra

Solution:As per Census 2001 and 2011, the number of Buddhists in the given States is as follows:

State	Population (2001)	Population (2011)
Maharashtra	5,838,710	6,531,200
Karnataka	393,300	95,710
Uttar Pradesh	302,031	206,285
Bihar	18,818	25,453

As per Census 2001, the total number of Buddhists in India was 7955207 (0.8% of the total population of India), of which the highest number of Buddhist residents were living in the State of Maharashtra. The total population of Buddhists in 2011 is 8442972 (0.69%).

37. Statement (A): Literacy is highest in Kerala. [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]

Reason (R): Kerala has a higher percentage of Christians.

(a) Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true

Correct Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Solution:Kerala has the highest percentage of literacy compared to other States of India, Nagaland is the State with the highest percentage of Christians. Thus, the Statement is true, while the Reason is false. Hence option (c) is the correct answer.

38. Arrange the following Indian religious communities, in descending order according to their sex-ratio, using the codes given below: [U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]

1. Buddhist

2. Jain

3. Christian

4. Muslim

Code:

(b) 3,1,2,4
(a) 3,2,1,4
(c) 2,1,4,3
(d) 4,3,2,1)

Correct Answer: (b) 3,1,2,4

Solution:According to the Census 2001 and 2011, the sex-ratio of the given religious communities are as follows:

Religious Communities	Sex-Ratio (2001)	Sex-Ratio (2011)
Christian	1009	1023
Buddhist	953	965
Jain	940	954
Muslim	936	951

Hence, the correct descending order on the basis of sex-ratio is given in option (b).

39. Which community has the lowest sex-ratio in India as disclosed in the additional data pertaining to Census 2011 released recently? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) Buddhist
(b) Sikh
(c) Jain
(d) Muslim

Correct Answer: (b) Sikh

Solution:According to the religion based population figures of the Census 2011 released on August 25, 2015, the lowest sex- ratio is in the 'Sikh community' (903). The sex-ratio of Buddhist, Jain and Muslim communities are 965, 954 and 951 respectively.

The proportion of Hindu population to the total population has declined slightly over the 2001-2011 decade.
The proportion of Muslim population has increased slightly.
There has been little change in the proportion of Christians and Jains.
The growth rate of the Muslim population (24.6%) was higher than that of the Hindu population (16.8%) during the 2001-2011 decade
Population Distribution by Religion (2011 Census):
Hindu: 79.8%
Muslim: 14.2%
Christian: 2.3%
Sikh: 1.7%
Buddhist: 0.7%
Jain: 0.4%

40. Among the following religious groups, which one has recorded the highest percentage of literacy rate as per the 2011 Census? [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (d) Jains

Solution:As per the 2011 Census, Jains has recorded the highest per- centage of literacy rate in India.

Muslims, on the other hand, have the highest percentage of illiterates aged beyond 7 years at 42.72%, as compared to 36.40% among Hindus, 32.49% among Sikhs, 28.17% among Buddhists and 25.66% among Christians.
As compared to 63.60% of 7 years-plus Hindus and 57.28% Muslims in the 'literate' category, the percentage of literates among Christians is 74.34%, among Buddhists 71.83% and among Sikhs 67.51%.
The latest data, said a census official, has taken those between 0 and 6 years as illiterate.
Jains have the highest percentage of educated members who are graduates and above. At 25.65% of Jains who have minimum graduation as qualification, they far surpass corresponding numbers for other communities, which are 8.85% for Christians, 6.40% for Sikhs, 6.18% for Buddhists, 5.98% for Hindus and an abysmal 2.76% for Muslims.

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