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India : Urbanization (Part – III)

📆 October 28, 2024

Total Questions: 40

11. Consider the following statements: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]

1. Uttar Pradesh is not known as a State having longest road length in India.

2. Reserve Bank of India sanctions exchange for import of goods.

3. Urbanization is characterized by migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.

4. Indus Project was the joint project of the Labour Departments of India and Canada.

Which of these statements are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) Only 1, 2 and .3
Solution:As per Basic Road Statistics of India 2018-19 Report (May, 2022), Maharashtra (636887 km) accounted for the largest share (11.72) in total road length (excluding JRY roads) of India, followed by Uttar Pradesh (442907 Km; 8.1%) and Assam (399122 Km; 7.3%) till 31st March, 2019. The Reserve Bank of India allows exchange for the import of goods. The migration of people from rural areas to urban areas is a main character- istic of urbanization. The Indus project was the joint project of the Department of Labour, Government of India and the United States. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

12. According to the Philip M. Hauser, the migration of people from rural areas to urban areas is known by which one of the following names: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]

Correct Answer: (b) Population Implosion
Solution:Philip M. Hauser had termed the increasing concentration of world population in urban areas due to the migration of people from rural areas to urban areas i.e. urbanization and metropolization as 'Population Implosion'. The extraordinary ethinic mix in the urban population is 'Population Disposal'. Rapid increase in population is 'Population Explosion'. A rapid growth in the discovery and adoption of technological developments, which in turn has a significant impact on the work and leisure lifestyles of the population is called 'Population Technoplosion'.

13. Among the following whose name is associated with migration theory? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

Correct Answer: (c) Lee
Solution:Among the given options Lee's name is associated with migration theory. Lee's theory divide factors causing migration into two groups: push and pull factors. Push factors are things that are unfavourable about the area that one lives in, and pull factors are things that attract one to another area.
  • The latest government data on migration comes from the 2011 Census.
    India had 45.6 crore migrants in 2011 (38% of the population).
  • Between 2001 and 2011, while the population grew by 18%, the number of migrants increased by 45%.
  • 99% of total migration was internal, and immigrants (international migrants) comprised 1%.
  • There were 21 crore rural-rural migrants, which formed 54% of classifiable internal migration.
  • Intra-state movement accounted for almost 88% of all internal migration.
  • Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were the largest sources of inter-state migrants, while Maharashtra and Delhi were the largest receiver states.
  • Majority (70%) of intra-state migration was due to reasons of marriage and family.

14. Assertion (A): All cities are expanding rapidly. [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]

Reason (R): Village-City flow is increasing continuously. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

Correct Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Solution:India's urban population was 11 percent of the total population in 1901, which has increased to 31.1% in 2011. While the total population of Tier-1 cities (cities with population more than 100000) was 2.8 crores in 1951, which increased to 26.5 crores in 2011 (P). The one of the main reasons for this rapid growth of urban population is the flow of the population from the villages towards cities. Therefore, it is clear that both the statement and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of statement.

15. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

Assertion (A): In India rural to urban migration of population constitutes the largest share.

Reason (R): Rural to rural migration is mainly the women migration.

Codes.

Correct Answer: (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Solution:Migration is the movement of people from one place to live in another. There are different types of internal migration such as rural to urban migration, urban to rural migration, rural to rural migration and urban to urban migration. In India internal migration as a percentage of population increased from 30% in 2001 to 37% in 2011. As per Census 2011, migration in India is majorly between rural to rural areas (47.4%), followed by urban to urban areas (22.6%), rural to urban areas (22.1%), and urban to rural areas (7.9%). Rural to rural migration is mainly the women migration and marriage remains the primary reason for women to migrate. Hence, (A) is false, but (R) is true.

16. Which one of the following types of migration has contributed most in population movement in India in 2011? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (a) Rural to rural
Solution:Migration is the movement of people from one place to live in another. There are different types of internal migration such as rural to urban migration, urban to rural migration, rural to rural migration and urban to urban migration. In India internal migration as a percentage of population increased from 30% in 2001 to 37% in 2011. As per Census 2011, migration in India is majorly between rural to rural areas (47.4%), followed by urban to urban areas (22.6%), rural to urban areas (22.1%), and urban to rural areas (7.9%). Rural to rural migration is mainly the women migration and marriage remains the primary reason for women to migrate. Hence, (A) is false, but (R) is true.

17. As per 2011 Census, inter-state female migration by place of last residence in India followed the sequence of: [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (d) Urban to Urban-Rural to Urban-Rural to Rural-Urban to Rural
Solution:As per the 2011 Census data given in NCERT book (India: People and Economy), inter-state female migration by place of last residence in India followed the sequence of: Urban to Urban-Rural to Urban-Rural to Rural-Urban to Rural. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. However, JPSC has given in its revised answer key that all options are incorrect.
  • The latest government data on migration comes from the 2011 Census.
    India had 45.6 crore migrants in 2011 (38% of the population).
  • Between 2001 and 2011, while the population grew by 18%, the number of migrants increased by 45%.
  • 99% of total migration was internal, and immigrants (international migrants) comprised 1%.
  • There were 21 crore rural-rural migrants, which formed 54% of classifiable internal migration.
  • Intra-state movement accounted for almost 88% of all internal migration.
  • Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were the largest sources of inter-state migrants, while Maharashtra and Delhi were the largest receiver states.
  • Majority (70%) of intra-state migration was due to reasons of marriage and family.

18. During the last 30 years Delhi has received the highest number of migrants from: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]

Correct Answer: (d) Uttar Pradesh
Solution:During the last 30 years, Delhi has received the highest number of migrants from Uttar Pradesh.
  • The latest government data on migration comes from the 2011 Census.
    India had 45.6 crore migrants in 2011 (38% of the population).
  • Between 2001 and 2011, while the population grew by 18%, the number of migrants increased by 45%.
  • 99% of total migration was internal, and immigrants (international migrants) comprised 1%.
  • There were 21 crore rural-rural migrants, which formed 54% of classifiable internal migration.
  • Intra-state movement accounted for almost 88% of all internal migration.
  • Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were the largest sources of inter-state migrants, while Maharashtra and Delhi were the largest receiver states.
  • Majority (70%) of intra-state migration was due to reasons of marriage and family.

19. Urban corridors are concerned with: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]

Correct Answer: (a) Expanding urban functions
Solution:Urbanization pertaining to 'Urban Corridors' is concerned with expansion of urban functions and activities through expansion of transport facilities.

Urbanization is the movement of people from rural to urban regions, expanding cities and towns. It is the process through which cities grow as higher percentages of the population come to live in the city.
Urbanization involves a complex set of economic, demographic, social, cultural, technological, and environmental processes that increase the proportion of the population of a territory that lives in towns and cities.
Urbanization is often discussed in countries that are currently in the process of industrializing and urbanizing, but all industrialized nations have experienced urbanization at some point in their history. Moreover, urbanization is on the rise all over the globe.

20. Causes of urbanization are: [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]

1. Rural-urban imbalance

2. Lack of Job opportunities in rural areas

3. Non-growing nature of the agriculture land

4. Magnetic features of cities

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above
Solution:All the four reasons given in the question are included among the causes of urbanization.

Several factors lead to urbanization in India, including

  • Economic factors: Urban areas offer more job opportunities and higher wages. For example, the growth of the IT industry in cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad has led to an influx of people seeking employment in these sectors.
  • Social factors: Urban areas offer a wider range of social and cultural opportunities. For example, access to quality education and healthcare facilities in cities like Mumbai and Delhi attracts people from rural areas.
  • Political factors: Government policies have encouraged urbanization. For example, the government's "Smart City" initiative, which aims to develop 100 cities across India, is expected to drive urbanization.
  • Environmental factors: Natural disasters have driven people from rural to urban areas in search of safety and stability. For example, Cyclone Fani, which hit coastal Odisha in 2019, displaced many people, and they migrated to nearby urban areas.
  • Infrastructure development: Improved transportation and communication systems such as metro rail have made it easier for people to move to and from urban areas, and also improved the quality of life in urban areas.
  • Demographic factors: India's population has been growing rapidly in recent years, contributing to the growth of urban areas as more people seek out housing and other services.
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