Indian History and World History (Part-11)

Sangamas means ‘the meeting’. The literature composed by the poets in these ‘confluences’ is called ‘Sangam literature’. In the Sangam age three Sangams were organized in South India under the patronage of the Pandya kings. Therefore, the Pandya rulers are called the patrons of Sangam literature.

Some of the earliest works in Tamil, known as Sangam literature, were composed around 2300 years ago. These texts were called Sangam because they were supposed to have been composed and compiled in assemblies (known as sangams) of poets that were held in the city of Madurai. Sangam literature is one of the main sources used for documenting the early history of the ancient Tamil country, be it the kings, rulers, poets, etc. The Sangam poets and the unknown Greeks were contemporaries.

Therefore, Both I and II are correct.

The Bhakti saint Andal belonged to the South Indian Vaishnava religious sect. He was one of the twelve Alvar saints. She was also known as ‘Mira of the South’.

The Bhakti saint Andal belonged to the South Indian Vaishnava religious sect. He was one of the twelve Alvar saints. She was also known as ‘Mira of the South’.

The Bhakti saint Andal belonged to the South Indian Vaishnava religious sect. He was one of the twelve Alvar saints. She was also known as ‘Mira of the South’.

Sangam literature was written in Tamil language. It is the oldest available piece of Tamil literature.

Adikavi Pampa composed his works in the Kannada. Two poems composed by Pampa are ‘Adipurana’ and ‘Vikramarjunvijay’ (Pump India). His period is called the golden age of Kannada literature.

An important ruler to emerge from the Chola dynasty was Rajaraja Chola (985-1015 AD). HIS original name was Arimolivarman. He was an efficient administrator and a great builder. He got all the land measured and fixed the proper tax accordingly. He created a standing army and a large navy.

The land donated, according to a mention by the Chola inscriptions to Pallichandam Jaina institutions, the brahmadeya-land donated to the Brahmins, the Vellanvagai land donated to non-Brahmin cultivators, and the land donated for the maintenance of the Shalabhog-school is as described.

Vellanavagai/Vellanavagati were land donated to non-Brahmins. Such donated villages were called non-Brahmins villages. Pallichchhandam was the land donated to Jain institutions. All other options are matched.