Indian History and World History (Part-14)

Slave dynasty was the first Muslim dynasty that ruled India.

It was founded by Qutbuddin Aibak.

He became the first Muslim ruler of India after the death of Mohammad Ghori in the year 1206 AD.

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Founder: Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Capital: Delhi
Also Known As: Mamluk Dynasty (Mamluk means 'slave' in Arabic)

Major Rulers of the Slave Dynasty

Qutbuddin Aibak was the first Muslim ruler of the Delhi.

He was the founder of the Slave Dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate

In 1210, Qutub-ud-din Aibak died in an accident while he was playing polo.

He fell from a horse and was severely injured. He was buried in Lahore near the Anarkali Bazaar.

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Founder: Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Capital: Delhi
Also Known As: Mamluk Dynasty (Mamluk means 'slave' in Arabic)

Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the slave of Muhammad Ghori.

• After Muhammad Ghori’s death in 1206, Qutb-ud-din Aibak declared himself independent and became the founder of the Slave Dynasty (also called Mamluk Dynasty) in India.
• He ruled from Lahore and laid the foundation of Muslim rule in North India.

Key Points:

• Turkish slave of Muhammad Ghori
• Became governor of Ghori’s Indian territories
• Founded the Slave Dynasty in 1206
• Known as Lakh Baksh for his generosity
• Died in 1210 while playing polo

The Mamluk dynasty was founded in Northern India by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, a Turkish Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia.

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Also Known As: Mamluk Dynasty
Founder: Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Capital: Delhi

Key Features

• First dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate

• Rulers were originally slaves (Mamluks) who rose to power

• Known for military strength and centralized administration

• Introduced Iqtadari system (land revenue for military service)

  Major Rulers & Contributions

  Ruler	Reign	Contribution
  Qutb-ud-din Aibak	1206–1210	Founded dynasty, started Qutub Minar, known as Lakh Baksh
  Iltutmish	1211–1236	Real founder, introduced Iqtadari system, completed Qutub Minar
  Razia Sultana	1236–1240	First and only female ruler of Delhi Sultanate
  Nasir-ud-din Mahmud	1246–1266	Nominal ruler, real power held by Balban
  Ghiyas-ud-din Balban	1266–1287	Strong ruler, crushed nobles, introduced Zarb-e-Adal (iron justice)
  Kaikubad	1287–1290	Last ruler, killed by Jalal-ud-din Khalji

  End of Dynasty

  • Ended in 1290

  • Replaced by Khalji Dynasty under Jalal-ud-din Khalji

The Ilbari Dynasty is another name for the Slave Dynasty or Mamluk Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

"Ilbari" comes from the Ilbari tribe of Turks to which Qutb-ud-din Aibak belonged.

Key Features of the Ilbari Dynasty

The Tomb of Iltutmish is situated near the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque inside the Qutub Minar Complex.

The Qutub Minar was declared part of UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.

Monuments present in the Qutub complex are

• Qutub Minar,
• Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque,
• Alai Darwaja,
• the Iron Pillar
• and the Alai Minar.

The early Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service, called BANDAGAN in Persian. They were carefully trained to man some of the most important political offices in the kingdom.

Important Works of Iltutmish (Reign: 1211–1236)

Hauz-i-Sultani or Hauz-i-Shamsi also called Shamsi Talab was a water storage reservoir or tank built by Iltutmish.

Iltutmish (Reign: 1211–1236)

Real founder of the Delhi Sultanate

Key Facts:

Iltutmish who was the third ruler of the Slave dynasty of Delhi organized his trusted nobles into a group of forty known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani.

It was the selected body of Turkish nobility which was dissolved by Balban later.