Indian History and World History (Part-14)

Sultanate Period

Total Questions: 36

1. Which was the first Muslim dynasty that ruled India? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.06.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Khalji Dynasty
(b) Slave Dynasty
(c) Lodhi Dynasty
(d) Tughlaq Dynasty

Correct Answer: (b) Slave Dynasty

Solution:Slave dynasty was the first Muslim dynasty that ruled India.

It was founded by Qutbuddin Aibak.

He became the first Muslim ruler of India after the death of Mohammad Ghori in the year 1206 AD.

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Founder: Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Capital: Delhi
Also Known As: Mamluk Dynasty (Mamluk means 'slave' in Arabic)

Major Rulers of the Slave Dynasty

Ruler	Reign	Key Contributions / Points
Qutb-ud-din Aibak	1206–1210	- Founder of the dynasty - Slave of Muhammad Ghori - Built Qutub Minar (started) - Known as Lakh Baksh (giver of lakhs) - Died while playing polo (chaugan)
Aram Shah	1210–1211	- Aibak’s son - Weak ruler - Removed by Iltutmish
Iltutmish	1211–1236	- Real consolidator of Delhi Sultanate - Introduced Iqtadari system - Made Delhi capital - Completed Qutub Minar - Recognized by Caliph of Baghdad
Rukn-ud-din Firoz	1236	- Son of Iltutmish - Incompetent, indulged in luxury - Killed
Razia Sultana	1236–1240	- First and only Muslim woman ruler of India - Faced opposition from Turkish nobles (Chahalgani) - Defeated and killed
Bahram Shah	1240–1242	- Placed by Turkish nobles - Weak ruler
Masud Shah	1242–1246	- Ineffective, removed
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud	1246–1266	- Nominal ruler - Real power with Balban (as Naib or regent)
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban	1266–1287	- Strongest ruler - Crushed nobles and robbers - Introduced Zarb-e-Adal (iron justice) - Promoted strict court discipline - Declared king as representative of God
Kaikubad	1287–1290	- Grandson of Balban - Weak ruler - Killed by Jalal-ud-din Khalji who ended the Slave dynasty

End of the Dynasty

Ended in 1290 when Jalal-ud-din Khalji took over and started the Khalji Dynasty.

2. ______ was the first Muslim ruler of Delhi. [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 05.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (e) Qutub-ud-din-Aibak

Solution:Qutbuddin Aibak was the first Muslim ruler of the Delhi.

He was the founder of the Slave Dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate

3. Which of the following Sultans died while playing Polo or Chaugan? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 1.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Qutb-ud-din Aibak
(b) Balban
(c) Iltutmish
(d) Nasiruddin Muhammad

Correct Answer: (a) Qutb-ud-din Aibak

Solution:In 1210, Qutub-ud-din Aibak died in an accident while he was playing polo.

He fell from a horse and was severely injured. He was buried in Lahore near the Anarkali Bazaar.

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Founder: Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Capital: Delhi
Also Known As: Mamluk Dynasty (Mamluk means 'slave' in Arabic)

4. Who among the following was a slave of Muhammad Ghori? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.06.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Qutb-ud-din Aibak
(b) Nasir-ud-din Mahmud
(c) Iltutmish
(d) Ghiyas-ud-din-Balban

Correct Answer: (a) Qutb-ud-din Aibak

Solution:Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the slave of Muhammad Ghori.

After Muhammad Ghori’s death in 1206, Qutb-ud-din Aibak declared himself independent and became the founder of the Slave Dynasty (also called Mamluk Dynasty) in India.
He ruled from Lahore and laid the foundation of Muslim rule in North India.

Key Points:

Turkish slave of Muhammad Ghori
Became governor of Ghori’s Indian territories
Founded the Slave Dynasty in 1206
Known as Lakh Baksh for his generosity
Died in 1210 while playing polo

5. Who was the founder of the Mamluk dynasty in India? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 05.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Razia Sultan
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Bakhtiyar Khalji
(d) Qutb-ud-Din Aibak

Correct Answer: (d) Qutb-ud-Din Aibak

Solution:The Mamluk dynasty was founded in Northern India by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, a Turkish Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia.

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Also Known As: Mamluk Dynasty
Founder: Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Capital: Delhi

Key Features

First dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate
Rulers were originally slaves (Mamluks) who rose to power
Known for military strength and centralized administration

Introduced Iqtadari system (land revenue for military service)

Major Rulers & Contributions

Ruler	Reign	Contribution
Qutb-ud-din Aibak	1206–1210	Founded dynasty, started Qutub Minar, known as Lakh Baksh
Iltutmish	1211–1236	Real founder, introduced Iqtadari system, completed Qutub Minar
Razia Sultana	1236–1240	First and only female ruler of Delhi Sultanate
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud	1246–1266	Nominal ruler, real power held by Balban
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban	1266–1287	Strong ruler, crushed nobles, introduced Zarb-e-Adal (iron justice)
Kaikubad	1287–1290	Last ruler, killed by Jalal-ud-din Khalji

End of Dynasty

Ended in 1290
Replaced by Khalji Dynasty under Jalal-ud-din Khalji

6. Who was the first ruler of Ilbari dynasty (Delhi Sultanate)? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 11.07.2022 (Shift-I)]

(a) Razia Sultan
(b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(c) Qutubuddin Aibak
(d) Iltutmish

Correct Answer: (c) Qutubuddin Aibak

Solution:The Ilbari Dynasty is another name for the Slave Dynasty or Mamluk Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

"Ilbari" comes from the Ilbari tribe of Turks to which Qutb-ud-din Aibak belonged.

Key Features of the Ilbari Dynasty

Feature	Description
Founder	Qutb-ud-din Aibak (a slave of Muhammad Ghori)
Origin	Turkish (Ilbari tribe)
Capital	Lahore (initially), later shifted to Delhi
Time Period	1206–1290
Known For	Foundation of Muslim rule in India, beginning of Delhi Sultanate, rise of slave rulers

Important Ilbari Rulers

Ruler	Reign	Notable Contributions
Qutb-ud-din Aibak	1206–1210	Founder, started Qutub Minar, known as Lakh Baksh
Iltutmish	1211–1236	Real consolidator, introduced Iqtadari system, completed Qutub Minar
Razia Sultana	1236–1240	First female ruler of Delhi
Balban	1266–1287	Strong ruler, promoted autocracy, crushed internal rebellions

7. Which world heritage site comprises of the tomb of Iltutmish? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Humayun’s Tomb
(b) Mahabodhi Temple Complex
(c) Qutub Minar
(d) Red Fort Complex

Correct Answer: (c) Qutub Minar

Solution:The Tomb of Iltutmish is situated near the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque inside the Qutub Minar Complex.

The Qutub Minar was declared part of UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.

Monuments present in the Qutub complex are

Qutub Minar,
Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque,
Alai Darwaja,
the Iron Pillar
and the Alai Minar.

8. During the reign of Iltutmish, special slaves were purchased for military service known as _______. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 13.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Samantar
(b) Bandagan
(c) Iqtadar
(d) Muqtis

Correct Answer: (b) Bandagan

Solution:The early Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service, called BANDAGAN in Persian. They were carefully trained to man some of the most important political offices in the kingdom.

Important Works of Iltutmish (Reign: 1211–1236)

Area	Contributions
Administration	- Introduced the Iqtadari system (land given in return for service) - Completed the formation of Delhi Sultanate - Made Delhi the capital (shifted from Lahore)
Currency	- Introduced silver coin “Tanka” and copper coin “Jital” - Standardized coinage system used by later sultans
Architecture	- Completed Qutub Minar (started by Aibak) - Built Hauz-i-Shamsi (water reservoir in Delhi) - Constructed Iltutmish's tomb (first Islamic tomb in India)
Recognition	- Received recognition from the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, giving legitimacy to his rule
Military	- Defeated rivals like Yildiz, Qabacha, and Ali Mardan - Expanded and secured the Delhi Sultanate's territory
Religion & Law	- Established a centralized Islamic state - Encouraged Islamic scholars, Qazis, and Ulama to settle in Delhi

9. Hauz-i-Sultani is a _______. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 14.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Minaret
(b) Large water reservoir
(c) Mahal
(d) Mosque

Correct Answer: (b) Large water reservoir

Solution:Hauz-i-Sultani or Hauz-i-Shamsi also called Shamsi Talab was a water storage reservoir or tank built by Iltutmish.

Iltutmish (Reign: 1211–1236)

Real founder of the Delhi Sultanate

Key Facts:

Topic	Details
Full Name	Shams-ud-din Iltutmish
Dynasty	Slave Dynasty (Ilbari Dynasty)
Origin	A Turkish slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Came to Power	Defeated Aram Shah and became Sultan in 1211
Capital	Shifted the capital from Lahore to Delhi

Died in 1236
Nominated his daughter Razia Sultana as successor

10. _______ organised his trusted nobles into a group of forty known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 16.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Iltutmish
(b) Ala-ud-Din Khalji
(c) Qutb-Ud-Din Aibak
(d) Balban

Correct Answer: (a) Iltutmish

Solution:Iltutmish who was the third ruler of the Slave dynasty of Delhi organized his trusted nobles into a group of forty known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani.

It was the selected body of Turkish nobility which was dissolved by Balban later.

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Indian History and World History (Part-14)

Sultanate Period

1. Which was the first Muslim dynasty that ruled India? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.06.2019 (Shift-I)]

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Major Rulers of the Slave Dynasty

End of the Dynasty

2. ______ was the first Muslim ruler of Delhi. [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 05.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

3. Which of the following Sultans died while playing Polo or Chaugan? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 1.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

4. Who among the following was a slave of Muhammad Ghori? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.06.2019 (Shift-I)]

5. Who was the founder of the Mamluk dynasty in India? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 05.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

Slave Dynasty (1206–1290)

Key Features

Major Rulers & Contributions

End of Dynasty

6. Who was the first ruler of Ilbari dynasty (Delhi Sultanate)? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 11.07.2022 (Shift-I)]

Key Features of the Ilbari Dynasty

Important Ilbari Rulers

7. Which world heritage site comprises of the tomb of Iltutmish? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

8. During the reign of Iltutmish, special slaves were purchased for military service known as _______. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 13.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

Important Works of Iltutmish (Reign: 1211–1236)

9. Hauz-i-Sultani is a _______. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 14.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

Iltutmish (Reign: 1211–1236)

Key Facts:

10. _______ organised his trusted nobles into a group of forty known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 16.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

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