Indian History and World History (Part-14)

Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq was the governor of Punjab during the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji.

Karandev was the last ruler of the Vaghela Dynasty of Gujarat.

In 1304, a second attack by Alauddin’s forces defeated Karandev, the last ruler of the Vaghela Dynasty of Gujarat and permanently ended the Vaghela dynasty.

This resulted in the annexation of Gujarat into the Delhi Sultanate.

Vaghela dynasty was the last Hindu dynasty that ruled Gujarat in the 13th Century from 1244 to 1304.

Karandev was the last Vaghela king who lost his throne after the second invasion by Alauddin Khalji of Delhi Sultanate in 1304.

The famous poet Amir Khusrau (1253 - 1325) was a contemporary of

• Balban,
• Jalaluddin Khilji
• and Alauddin Khilji

but not Iltutmish.

He began his career as a poet at the court of King Balban’s nephew Malik Chhajju and then served under Balban.

He was a mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi.

Khusrau is regarded as the “father of qawwali”.

Malik Kafur was a eunuch slave who became a general in the army of Alauddin Khilji, ruler of the Delhi Sultanate from 1296 to 1316.

Malik Kafur led two successful campaigns in South India. The

• first was against the Kakatiyas of Warangal,
• and the second was against Hoysalas.

Bidar Fort is located in the city of Bidar, which is in the state of Karnataka, India. The fort is a popular tourist attraction and is known for its unique architecture and historical significance.

It was built in the 15th century by the Bahmani Sultanate and was later ruled by various dynasties, including the Barid Shahi dynasty, the Bijapur Sultanate, and the Mughal Empire.

Amir Khusrau (1253–1325) was a legendary Sufi poet, scholar, musician, and mystic in medieval India.

He served in the royal courts of several Delhi Sultans and is known as the "Parrot of India" (Tuti-e-Hind).

He witnessed and actively participated in the political and cultural life of the Delhi Sultanate.

Amir Khusrau’s Contributions:

• Served in at least seven royal courts.

• Composed in Persian, Hindavi, and Arabic.

• Famous works include: Nuh Sipihr, Tughlaq Nama, Khazain-ul-Futuh.

• Known for blending Persian literary style with Indian themes.

• Considered the father of Qawwali and developer of Hindustani classical music.

Amir Khusrau was the disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, India.

Amir Khusrau’s Contributions:

• Served in at least seven royal courts.

• Composed in Persian, Hindavi, and Arabic.

• Famous works include: Nuh Sipihr, Tughlaq Nama, Khazain-ul-Futuh.

• Known for blending Persian literary style with Indian themes.

• Considered the father of Qawwali and developer of Hindustani classical music.

Amir Khusrau is sometimes referred to as the "voice of India" or "Parrot of India" (Tota-e-Hind), and was called the "father of Urdu literature." He was proficient in Indian music in the 13th century.

Mohammed Bin Tughluq shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri (which he named Daulatabad) in central India.

There were two important reasons behind this move:

1. o establish the capital city at the centre of the vast empire,
2. and to protect the capital city from foreign invasions.t