Indian History and World History (Part-18)

Explanation:

• In 1576, Maharana Pratap, the Rajput ruler of Mewar, fought the famous Battle of Haldighati against the Mughal army led by Man Singh I (under Emperor Akbar).

• During the fierce battle, Maharana Pratap’s horse, Chetak, was badly wounded.

• Despite being injured, Chetak carried Maharana Pratap away from the battlefield to save his life.

• After ensuring Maharana Pratap’s escape, Chetak collapsed and died heroically.

• Akbar started the Mansabdari system around 1571–1572.

• It was a rank-based administrative and military system.

• "Mansab" means rank or position.

• Every officer (called a Mansabdar) was given a numerical rank, which determined:

  • His status at the royal court.

  • His salary.

  • The number of soldiers he had to maintain for the emperor.

Mansabdar was a military unit introduced by Akbar. It means position or rank.

The mansab had dual roles, one was cavalry rank called sawar while the other was a personal rank called Jat.

• The Mansabdars had to maintain both cavalry and soldiers according to their rank.

• The system helped Akbar build a loyal, centralized, and efficient army without depending too much on feudal lords.

This tomb is located near the Old Fort, New Delhi.

Apart from the tomb of Humayun, the funerary also has 150 tombs of various members of the Mughal royal family. That is why it is addressed as the "Necropolis of the Mughal dynasty".

• After Humayun's death in early 1556, the Mughal Empire was weak.

• Hemu, a powerful general of the Afghan forces, took advantage and captured Delhi and Agra.

• He declared himself king and took the title Vikramaditya.

• To restore Mughal power, Bairam Khan led Akbar’s army against Hemu.

• During the battle, an arrow struck Hemu’s eye, and he became unconscious.

• Seeing their leader fall, Hemu’s army panicked and ran away, resulting in a Mughal victory.

• After Humayun's death in early 1556, the Mughal Empire was weak.

• Hemu, a powerful general of the Afghan forces, took advantage and captured Delhi and Agra.

• He declared himself king and took the title Vikramaditya.

• To restore Mughal power, Bairam Khan led Akbar’s army against Hemu.

• During the battle, an arrow struck Hemu’s eye, and he became unconscious.

• Seeing their leader fall, Hemu’s army panicked and ran away, resulting in a Mughal victory.

She was the ruling Queen of Gondwana from 1550 until 1564.

He introduced the land measurement system, Zabti/Dhasala system (revenue collection) and Karori system.

• Raja Todar Mal was the Finance Minister (also called Diwan-i-Ashraf or Diwan-i-Insha) during Akbar’s reign.

• He is most famous for reforming the revenue system of the Mughal Empire.

• He introduced a scientific method of land measurement and tax assessment, known as the Zabt system.

The founder of this dynasty was Zahiruddin Mohammad Babur.

Babur:

• He was a descendant of Timur (on his father's side) and Genghis Khan (on his mother's side).

• Babur invaded India and laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire by defeating Sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.

• After him, his son Humayun became the second Mughal emperor.

The founder of this dynasty was Zahiruddin Mohammad Babur.

Babur:

• He was a descendant of Timur (on his father's side) and Genghis Khan (on his mother's side).

• Babur invaded India and laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire by defeating Sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.

• After him, his son Humayun became the second Mughal emperor.