Indian History and World History (Part-19)

Key Points:

• Consolidation of Power: Jahangir dealt with internal family struggles, including a rebellion by his son Khusrau Mirza, whom he defeated.

• Patron of the Arts: Jahangir was known for his support of Mughal painting, fostering the Jahangir School of Painting. He also collected art and supported various artists.

• Religious Tolerance: His policies continued Akbar’s tradition of religious tolerance, though he showed preference for Islamic scholars and Sufism.

• European Relations: Under his reign, British East India Company established trade ties, marking the beginning of British influence in India.

• Personal Life: Jahangir was known for his indulgence in alcohol and opium.

• Death and Legacy: He died in 1627 and was succeeded by his son Shah Jahan. Jahangir is remembered for his cultural contributions and efforts to maintain Mughal stability.

He was well received by Jahangir in spite of the opposition by the Jesuit Fr. Pinheiro who represented the Portuguese interests at the Mughal court.

Jahangir called him ''English Khan" who was able to persuade the emperor to grant a commission for an English factory at Surat.

He was able to get permission for trade and establish factories at Agra, Ahmedabad and Broach.

He was able to get permission for trade and establish factories at Agra, Ahmedabad and Broach.

• Captain Hawkins was the first Englishman to enter the Mughal court and came to India in 1608. He was sent by the British East India Company to establish trade relations with the Mughal Empire.

• Sir Thomas Roe, who came to India in 1615, was the English ambassador to the Mughal court. He sought to secure trading privileges for the British in India.

Both of them played significant roles in establishing early British diplomatic and commercial ties with the Mughal Empire during Jahangir's reign.

• The permission was given by Emperor Jahangir.

• This was facilitated by Sir Thomas Roe, the English ambassador to the Mughal court.

• Sir Thomas Roe successfully negotiated with Jahangir to secure the trading rights.

• The British East India Company was allowed to establish a trading post at Surat.

• This marked the beginning of the British East India Company's trade in India.

Emperor Akbar built this beautiful dargah in the memory of the famous Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chisti, with the blessings of Salim Chisti he gave birth to Salim.

Fatehpur Sikri includes monuments of Mughal architecture such as

• Jama Masjid,
• Buland Darwaza,
• Panch Mahal,
• Jodha Bai Mahal,
• Maryam ki Kothi,
• Sheikh Salin Chishti's tomb etc.

Mehrunnisa, who is famously known as Nur Jahan, was the wife of Emperor Jahangir. She became the empress consort of the Mughal Empire and played a significant role in the court's political and cultural affairs during Jahangir's reign.

• Mehrunnisa (Nur Jahan) married Jahangir in 1611.

• She was influential in the Mughal court, often making key decisions and wielding considerable power, especially during the later years of Jahangir's rule.

• Nur Jahan was also known for her patronage of art, architecture, and charity. She is considered one of the most powerful women in Mughal history.