Indian History and World History (Part-20)

Aurangzeb captured the throne by killing his brothers and imprisoning Shah Jahan in the Agra Fort.

He was the son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal and was born in Dahod on 3rd November 1618.

He executed the ninth Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1675.

• Aurangzeb was given the title Alamgir, which means "Conqueror of the World" or "World Seizer" in Persian.

• He reigned from 1658 to 1707, and his reign is marked by territorial expansion and the consolidation of the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent.

• The title Alamgir reflects his ambition and vision of extending Mughal power across India and beyond during his rule.

He executed the ninth Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1675.

• Aurangzeb was given the title Alamgir, which means "Conqueror of the World" or "World Seizer" in Persian.

• He reigned from 1658 to 1707, and his reign is marked by territorial expansion and the consolidation of the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent.

• The title Alamgir reflects his ambition and vision of extending Mughal power across India and beyond during his rule.

Aurangzeb was also known as 'Zinda Pir'.

Key Points:

• The title 'Zinda Pir' translates to "Living Saint" in Persian.

• Aurangzeb earned this title because of his religious devotion and ascetic lifestyle, as he was known for his strict adherence to Islamic practices and for living a relatively austere and pious life.

• His policies were heavily influenced by his religious beliefs, and he sought to promote Islamic law (Sharia) throughout his empire.

• The title reflected the respect he garnered from certain sections of the Muslim community for his religious zeal.

• the Maratha ruler was required to fight on behalf of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb whenever demanded.
• There were some secret clauses in the treaty as well, which provided for Shivaji's participation in the war against Bijapur on behalf of the Emperor.

Key Terms of the treaty:

• Shivaji Maharaj had to surrender 23 of his forts to the Mughal Empire, including Purandar and other strategic strongholds.

• Shivaji was allowed to retain control over 12 forts.

• He was also obliged to pay tribute to the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, as a token of his allegiance.

Under this treaty Shivaji surrendered 23 out of 35 forts and the Mughals acknowledged the authority of Shivaji over Konkan and parts of Balaghat.

• It was fought in 1659.
• Dara Shikoh was defeated by Aurangzeb in this Battle.
• Aurangzeb prisoned his brother Dara Shikoh in Kankawadi Fort (Alwar).

This is a beautiful tomb of 'Rabia- ud-Daurani' alias 'Dilras Bano Begum', the wife of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (1658-1707). The Bibi ka Maqbara was built between 1651 and 1661 during the reign of Aurangzeb.

The source of inspiration for this tomb was the world-famous Taj Mahal of Agra.

That is why it is known as the "Taj of the Deccan'.

It is believed that the construction of this tomb was completed during the reign of Aurangzeb under the guidance of his son Azam Shah. The Archaeological Survey of India and other government websites mention Azam Shah, the son of Aurangzeb, as the builder of Bibi's tomb. In the exam questions, the options for this question are only Aurangzeb, Azam Shah only, or both. There is no problem with the examinees getting only Aurangzeb or only Azam Shah as option, and can choose anyone as the correct answer without any hesitation. If both Aurangzeb and Azam Shah are given as the options, preference should be given to Azam Shah' for choosing the correct answer, because some historians have mentioned that Aurangzeb was not in favour of building Bibi Ka Maqbara similar to the Taj Mahal, but Azam Shah had built it stubbornly in the memory of his mother. The Staff Selection Commission has chosen 'Azam Shah' as the desired option by giving both the names as the options.

This is a beautiful tomb of 'Rabia- ud-Daurani' alias 'Dilras Bano Begum', the wife of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (1658-1707). The Bibi ka Maqbara was built between 1651 and 1661 during the reign of Aurangzeb.

The source of inspiration for this tomb was the world-famous Taj Mahal of Agra.

That is why it is known as the "Taj of the Deccan'.

It is believed that the construction of this tomb was completed during the reign of Aurangzeb under the guidance of his son Azam Shah. The Archaeological Survey of India and other government websites mention Azam Shah, the son of Aurangzeb, as the builder of Bibi's tomb. In the exam questions, the options for this question are only Aurangzeb, Azam Shah only, or both. There is no problem with the examinees getting only Aurangzeb or only Azam Shah as option, and can choose anyone as the correct answer without any hesitation. If both Aurangzeb and Azam Shah are given as the options, preference should be given to Azam Shah' for choosing the correct answer, because some historians have mentioned that Aurangzeb was not in favour of building Bibi Ka Maqbara similar to the Taj Mahal, but Azam Shah had built it stubbornly in the memory of his mother. The Staff Selection Commission has chosen 'Azam Shah' as the desired option by giving both the names as the options.

This is a beautiful tomb of 'Rabia- ud-Daurani' alias 'Dilras Bano Begum', the wife of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (1658-1707). The Bibi ka Maqbara was built between 1651 and 1661 during the reign of Aurangzeb.

The source of inspiration for this tomb was the world-famous Taj Mahal of Agra.

That is why it is known as the "Taj of the Deccan'.

It is believed that the construction of this tomb was completed during the reign of Aurangzeb under the guidance of his son Azam Shah. The Archaeological Survey of India and other government websites mention Azam Shah, the son of Aurangzeb, as the builder of Bibi's tomb. In the exam questions, the options for this question are only Aurangzeb, Azam Shah only, or both. There is no problem with the examinees getting only Aurangzeb or only Azam Shah as option, and can choose anyone as the correct answer without any hesitation. If both Aurangzeb and Azam Shah are given as the options, preference should be given to Azam Shah' for choosing the correct answer, because some historians have mentioned that Aurangzeb was not in favour of building Bibi Ka Maqbara similar to the Taj Mahal, but Azam Shah had built it stubbornly in the memory of his mother. The Staff Selection Commission has chosen 'Azam Shah' as the desired option by giving both the names as the options.