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Indian History and World History (Part-3)

📆 October 26, 2024

Buddhism And Jainism

Total Questions: 42

11. The earliest Buddhist texts were written in : [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 22.10.2021 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) Pali
Solution:The ancient Buddhist scriptures were written in Pali language. Buddhist literature mainly consists of a collection of teachings of Lord Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.

12. The rules made for the ______ were written down in a book called ‘Vinaya Pitaka’. [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 18.08.2021 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (c) Buddhist sangha
Solution:The rules for the Buddhist sangha were compiled in a book called the Vinaya pitaka, while the Sutta Pitaka (religious principles) and Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical principles) are important in Buddhist texts.

After the death of Buddha, his teachings were compiled and divided into three parts; these are called “Tripitaka”.

1. Vinaya Pitaka (Basket of Discipline)

  • Purpose: Rules and guidelines for monks and nuns (the Sangha).

  • Content:

    • 227 rules for monks (Bhikkhus) and 311 rules for nuns (Bhikkhunis).

    • Stories behind each rule (origin stories).

    • Procedures for monastic life, including ordination, confession, and communal living.

2. Sutta Pitaka (Basket of Discourses)

  • Purpose: Buddha's sermons, teachings, and dialogues.

  • Content: Divided into five Nikāyas:

NikāyaFocus
Dīgha NikāyaLong discourses (e.g., Mahāparinibbāna Sutta)
Majjhima NikāyaMiddle-length discourses
Saṃyutta NikāyaThematically grouped discourses
Aṅguttara NikāyaNumerical or progressive teachings
Khuddaka NikāyaMiscellaneous texts (e.g., Dhammapada, Jataka)

3. Abhidhamma Pitaka (Basket of Higher Knowledge)

  • Purpose: Philosophical and psychological analysis of the teachings.

  • Content:

    • Explains mind, matter, consciousness, and mental states.

    • Categorizes realities into ultimate truths (dhammas).

    • Used mainly for deep meditation (Vipassana) and scholastic study

13. Which of the following Buddhist sites is located in Uttar Pradesh? [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 13.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (d) Sarnath
Solution:Sarnath Buddhist site is located in Uttar Pradesh. Buddha gave his first sermon to five Brahmin monks at Sarnath. This first sermon is called ‘Dharmachakrapravartan’.

14. Gautam Buddha’s teaching are found mainly in: [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (d) Sutta Pitaka
Solution:The teachings of Gautam Buddha are mainly compiled in the ‘Sutta Pitaka’. The rules of order for Buddhists are found in the Vinaya Pitaka and the law of Buddhist philosophy is mentioned in the Abhidhamma Pitaka. Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka are also called Tripitaka.

1. Vinaya Pitaka (Basket of Discipline)

  • Purpose: Rules and guidelines for monks and nuns (the Sangha).

  • Content:

    • 227 rules for monks (Bhikkhus) and 311 rules for nuns (Bhikkhunis).

    • Stories behind each rule (origin stories).

    • Procedures for monastic life, including ordination, confession, and communal living.

2. Sutta Pitaka (Basket of Discourses)

  • Purpose: Buddha's sermons, teachings, and dialogues.

  • Content: Divided into five Nikāyas:

NikāyaFocus
Dīgha NikāyaLong discourses (e.g., Mahāparinibbāna Sutta)
Majjhima NikāyaMiddle-length discourses
Saṃyutta NikāyaThematically grouped discourses
Aṅguttara NikāyaNumerical or progressive teachings
Khuddaka NikāyaMiscellaneous texts (e.g., Dhammapada, Jataka)

3. Abhidhamma Pitaka (Basket of Higher Knowledge)

  • Purpose: Philosophical and psychological analysis of the teachings.

  • Content:

    • Explains mind, matter, consciousness, and mental states.

    • Categorizes realities into ultimate truths (dhammas).

    • Used mainly for deep meditation (Vipassana) and scholastic study.

15. Which of the following is one of the sacred books of Buddhism? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) Tripitaka
Solution:The holy book of Buddhism is Tripitaka. After the death of Buddha, his teachings were compiled and divided into three parts. These are called Tripitaka.

These three are the Vinaya Pitaka (the rules of association and teachings of conduct), the Sutta Pitaka (religious principles) and the Abhidhamma (philosophical principles).

1. Vinaya Pitaka (Basket of Discipline)

  • Purpose: Rules and guidelines for monks and nuns (the Sangha).

  • Content:

    • 227 rules for monks (Bhikkhus) and 311 rules for nuns (Bhikkhunis).

    • Stories behind each rule (origin stories).

    • Procedures for monastic life, including ordination, confession, and communal living.

2. Sutta Pitaka (Basket of Discourses)

  • Purpose: Buddha's sermons, teachings, and dialogues.

  • Content: Divided into five Nikāyas:

NikāyaFocus
Dīgha NikāyaLong discourses (e.g., Mahāparinibbāna Sutta)
Majjhima NikāyaMiddle-length discourses
Saṃyutta NikāyaThematically grouped discourses
Aṅguttara NikāyaNumerical or progressive teachings
Khuddaka NikāyaMiscellaneous texts (e.g., Dhammapada, Jataka)

3. Abhidhamma Pitaka (Basket of Higher Knowledge)

  • Purpose: Philosophical and psychological analysis of the teachings.

  • Content:

    • Explains mind, matter, consciousness, and mental states.

    • Categorizes realities into ultimate truths (dhammas).

    • Used mainly for deep meditation (Vipassana) and scholastic study.

16. The religious text, Tripitaka, is related to which religion? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 13.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (b) Buddhism
Solution:The holy book of Buddhism is Tripitaka. After the death of Buddha, his teachings were compiled and divided into three parts. These are called Tripitaka.

These three are the Vinaya Pitaka (the rules of association and teachings of conduct), the Sutta Pitaka (religious principles) and the Abhidhamma (philosophical principles).

1. Vinaya Pitaka (Basket of Discipline)

  • Purpose: Rules and guidelines for monks and nuns (the Sangha).

  • Content:

    • 227 rules for monks (Bhikkhus) and 311 rules for nuns (Bhikkhunis).

    • Stories behind each rule (origin stories).

    • Procedures for monastic life, including ordination, confession, and communal living.

2. Sutta Pitaka (Basket of Discourses)

  • Purpose: Buddha's sermons, teachings, and dialogues.

  • Content: Divided into five Nikāyas:

NikāyaFocus
Dīgha NikāyaLong discourses (e.g., Mahāparinibbāna Sutta)
Majjhima NikāyaMiddle-length discourses
Saṃyutta NikāyaThematically grouped discourses
Aṅguttara NikāyaNumerical or progressive teachings
Khuddaka NikāyaMiscellaneous texts (e.g., Dhammapada, Jataka)

3. Abhidhamma Pitaka (Basket of Higher Knowledge)

  • Purpose: Philosophical and psychological analysis of the teachings.

  • Content:

    • Explains mind, matter, consciousness, and mental states.

    • Categorizes realities into ultimate truths (dhammas).

    • Used mainly for deep meditation (Vipassana) and scholastic study.

17. The ‘Pali Canon’ written in the 5th century BC is the original text of which religion? [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 2.03.2019 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (c) Buddhism
Solution:The ‘Pali Canon’ written in the 5th century BC is the original text of Buddhism. It is the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition.

18. Nalanda was the ancient educational institution of which religion? [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 19.02.2019 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (c) Buddhist
Solution:Nalanda was the ancient educational institution of Buddhism.

Nalanda is currently located in the state of Bihar.

There exist the remains of the oldest Nalanda University of Nalanda in India, where students from distant countries came to study.

19. Where did Gautama Buddha taught for the first time? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 5.10.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (c) Sarnath
Solution:Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon to the five monks called the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta.

In his first sermon, the Buddha said, "I teach one thing and one thing only: suffering and the end of suffering," which is the ultimate goal of Buddhism.

20. The first Buddhist Council was held at_______. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 30.08.2016 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (b) Rajgirha
Solution:The First Council was held by king Ajatashatru with the monk Mahakasyapa Upali at Rajagirha.

The Second Council was held by king Kalashoka with Sabakami at Vaishali.

The Third Council was held by Ashoka with monk Moggaliputta Tissa at Pataliputra.

The Fourth Council was held by king Kanishka with the monks Ashvaghosha and Vasumitra at Kundalavana in Kashmir.

Dhamma Dipa International Buddhist University

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