Indian History and World History (Part-34)

NATIONAL MOVEMENT

Total Questions: 50

21. In which year did Mahatma Gandhi gave a call for a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 4.10.2017 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (b) 1919
Solution:The Bill, passed in March 1919, came to be known as the Rowlatt Act. It was based on the recommendations of a committee headed by Justice Sidney Rowlatt.

In Indian politics, Satyagraha was started by Gandhi in the year 1919 against the Rowlatt Act.

22. The proposed Rowlatt Act of 1919 allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for_______. [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 02.12.2022 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) two years
Solution:

The Rowlatt Act, officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was a controversial law passed by the British colonial government in India.

Key Facts about the Rowlatt Act:

  • Passed in: March 1919

  • Proposed by: Sir Sidney Rowlatt, a British judge

  • Purpose: To curb revolutionary activities and suppress anti-British political movements

Main Provisions:

  1. Detention Without Trial:
    Allowed the government to arrest and detain any person without a trial for up to 2 years.

  2. No Appeal or Evidence:
    The accused had no right to know charges, no right to legal representation, and no appeal in court.

  3. Press Restrictions:
    Imposed strict censorship on the press and curtailed freedom of expression.

  4. Speedy Trials:
    Trials were to be held in special courts without juries.

23. The onus of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that happened in 1919 was on which General of the British Army? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 20.10.2021 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (a) General Dyer
Solution:The Rowlatt Act came into force in March 1919, against which Gandhiji organized a nationwide strike on 6 April 1919.

On April 13, 1919, General Dyer committed a brutal massacre by ordering shooting on a peaceful public meeting at Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar) .

Casualties:

  • Official British report: Around 379 people killed, over 1,200 injured

  • Indian estimates: Over 1,000 killed and many more injured

24. Which law was imposed in India during the command of General Dyer? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 20.10.2021 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (a) Martial law
Solution:The gruesome incident of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on April 13, 1919, during the administration of General Dyer in India, after which the situation in Punjab began to deteriorate. Martial Law was proclaimed on April 15, 1919.

25. Which British officer was responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 21.08.2019 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (a) General Dyer
Solution:The Rowlatt Act came into force in March 1919, against which Gandhiji organized a nationwide strike on 6 April 1919.

On April 13, 1919, General Dyer committed a brutal massacre by ordering shooting on a peaceful public meeting at Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar) .

Casualties:

  • Official British report: Around 379 people killed, over 1,200 injured

  • Indian estimates: Over 1,000 killed and many more injured

26. When did the 'Jallianwala Bagh' tragedy happen? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (c) 13 April, 1919
Solution:The incident happened against the backdrop of protests against the Rowlatt Act and the subsequent arrest of Dr. Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.

To control the violence that raged after the arrest of the two nationalists, restrictions were imposed on the movement of people and holding of demonstrations in Amritsar.

But on the day of Baisakhi, April 13, 1919, thousands of people, unaware of the restrictions, gathered at Jallianwala Bagh.

General Dyer following the orders of Michael O'Dwyer (Lt. Governor of Punjab) directed the troops to surround the gathering and shoot the people without any warning. As a result, thousands of people were killed and injured.

After this incident, Rabindra Nath Tagore renounced his Knighthood. Mahatma Gandhi gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind and withdrew the Satyagrah against Rowlatt act.

27. Who renounced his knighthood title after "Jalianwala Bagh" massacre? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 16.08.2019 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (b) Rabindranath Tagore
Solution:The incident happened against the backdrop of protests against the Rowlatt Act and the subsequent arrest of Dr. Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.

To control the violence that raged after the arrest of the two nationalists, restrictions were imposed on the movement of people and holding of demonstrations in Amritsar.

But on the day of Baisakhi, April 13, 1919, thousands of people, unaware of the restrictions, gathered at Jallianwala Bagh.

General Dyer following the orders of Michael O'Dwyer (Lt. Governor of Punjab) directed the troops to surround the gathering and shoot the people without any warning. As a result, thousands of people were killed and injured.

After this incident, Rabindra Nath Tagore renounced his Knighthood. Mahatma Gandhi gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind and withdrew the Satyagrah against Rowlatt act.

28. _________ renounced his knighthood in protest for Jalianwalla Bagh mass killing. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 5.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) Rabindranath Tagore
Solution:The incident happened against the backdrop of protests against the Rowlatt Act and the subsequent arrest of Dr. Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.

To control the violence that raged after the arrest of the two nationalists, restrictions were imposed on the movement of people and holding of demonstrations in Amritsar.

But on the day of Baisakhi, April 13, 1919, thousands of people, unaware of the restrictions, gathered at Jallianwala Bagh.

General Dyer following the orders of Michael O'Dwyer (Lt. Governor of Punjab) directed the troops to surround the gathering and shoot the people without any warning. As a result, thousands of people were killed and injured.

After this incident, Rabindra Nath Tagore renounced his Knighthood. Mahatma Gandhi gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind and withdrew the Satyagrah against Rowlatt act.

29. Which of the following events did NOT occur in 1919? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 9.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (b) Partition of Bengal took place
Solution:
  1. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 13, 1919),
  2. the Rowlatt Act passed (March 1919)
  3. and the declaration of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were all three events in 1919,

while Bengal was partitioned in 1905 under Lord Curzon.

30. Which of the following events occurred as an after-effect of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13th April 1919)? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 08.07.2022 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (c) Hunter Commission was appointed by the British Government
Solution:After Jalliawala Bagh: The government set up the Hunter Commission to inquire into the massacre The Hunter commission condemned the act by Dyer. But the Commission did not impose any disciplinary action against him.

Jallianwala Bagh's issue was one of the three declared objectives of Mahatma Gandhi before he launched the Non-Cooperation Movement.