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Indian History and World History (Part-35)

📆 December 17, 2024

NATIONAL MOVEMENT

Total Questions: 65

1. Who participated on behalf of the National Congress in the Congress of Dalit Nationalists in Brussels in 1927? [C.P.O.S.1.5.06.2016 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
Solution:The Congress of Dalit Nationals held in Brussels in 1923 was a significant event in the history of the Dalit (lower caste) movement in India.

The Congress was organized by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a prominent leader and advocate for Dalit rights, to highlight the issues faced by the Dalit community, both in India and globally.

In 1927, Jawaharlal Nehru participated in the Congress of Dalit Nationalists in Brussels on behalf of the National Congress.

2. The Simon Commission which was sent by the British Government was boycotted because______. [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 18.02.2019 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (d) There was no Indian member in the commission.
Solution:The Conservative government of Britain set up the Simon Commission in November 1927.

There were a total of 7 members in this commission leaded by John Simon. Since all its members were British and no Indian was included, Indians boycotted and opposed it by calling it the 'White Commission'.

The Simon Commission reached Bombay on 3 February 1928.

3. During which of the following sessions of the Indian National Congress did Subhash Chandra Bose resign from the Presidentship of INC? [S.S.C. JE Mechanical Exam 22.03.2021 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (c) Tripuri
Solution:In the Tripuri (MP) session of 1939, Subhash Chandra Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya, supported by Gandhi, and became the President of the Congress for the second time,

but due to differences with Gandhiji on the formation of the executive, he resigned.

After his resignation, Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the President of Congress.

4. Who was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of Indian independence? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 8.09.2016 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (b) J. B. Kriplani
Solution:J.B Kriplani was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of Indian Independence.

He became the President in the Meerut session of November 23, 1946, and remained the President till November 1947.

List  of Presidents of the Indian National Congress (INC) before India's independence in 1947, in chronological order:

  1. Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (1885) – First President of the INC.

  2. Dadabhai Naoroji (1886)

  3. Pherozeshah Mehta (1887)

  4. Badruddin Tyabji (1888)

  5. Rash Behari Ghosh (1890–1891)

  6. Sir William Wedderburn (1894)

  7. George Yule (1897)

  8. Annie Besant (1907–1908) – First woman President of INC.

  9. Lala Lajpat Rai (1907)

  10. Ramananda Chatterjee (1912)

  11. Motilal Nehru (1919)

  12. Chittaranjan Das (1920)

  13. Mahatma Gandhi (1924, 1931, 1937)

  14. Subhas Chandra Bose (1938, 1939)

  15. Jawaharlal Nehru (1929, 1936) – Became the first Prime Minister of independent India.

  16. J.B. Kripalani (1946)

  17. Acharya Kripalani (1946) – President at the time of independence.

5. Who was the President of the Indian National Congress when India won its freedom in the year 1947? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 9.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (a) J.B. Kriplani
Solution:J.B Kriplani was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of Indian Independence.

He became the President in the Meerut session of November 23, 1946, and remained the President till November 1947.

List  of Presidents of the Indian National Congress (INC) before India's independence in 1947, in chronological order:

  1. Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (1885) – First President of the INC.

  2. Dadabhai Naoroji (1886)

  3. Pherozeshah Mehta (1887)

  4. Badruddin Tyabji (1888)

  5. Rash Behari Ghosh (1890–1891)

  6. Sir William Wedderburn (1894)

  7. George Yule (1897)

  8. Annie Besant (1907–1908) – First woman President of INC.

  9. Lala Lajpat Rai (1907)

  10. Ramananda Chatterjee (1912)

  11. Motilal Nehru (1919)

  12. Chittaranjan Das (1920)

  13. Mahatma Gandhi (1924, 1931, 1937)

  14. Subhas Chandra Bose (1938, 1939)

  15. Jawaharlal Nehru (1929, 1936) – Became the first Prime Minister of independent India.

  16. J.B. Kripalani (1946)

  17. Acharya Kripalani (1946) – President at the time of independence.

6. In which city was the Jhanda Satyagraha or Flag Satyagraha of 1923 held? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 4.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) Nagpur
Solution:The Jhanda Satyagraha or Flag Satyagraha of 1923 was organized in Jabalpur and Nagpur cities.

Jhanda Satyagraha was a peaceful civil disobedience movement during the Indian freedom struggle, in which people were hoisting flags from place to place as a part of their right to hoist the national flag.

7. The Swaraj Party was founded by: [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.03.2020 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (b) Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das
Solution:Swaraj Party was founded in January 1923 by
  • Motilal Nehru
  • and Chittaranjan Das.

Chittaranjan Das was its president and Motilal Nehru its general secretary.

The Swaraj Party promoted itself as an integral part of the Congress, while also reiterating its commitment to non-violence and non-cooperation.

8. When did the peasant movement in Bardoli begin? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.04.2021 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (d) 1928
Solution:Sardar Patel led a peasant movement in Bardoli (Gujarat) in the year 1928.

After the success of this movement, the women there gave the title of Sardar to Vallabhbhai Patel.

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a non-violent protest led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against the British-imposed 22% increase in land revenue in Bardoli, Gujarat.

Key Points:

  1. Cause: British government increased taxes despite poor harvests, leading to the confiscation of farmers' land.

  2. Leadership: Sardar Patel led the farmers in a peaceful resistance, urging them to refuse to pay the increased taxes.

  3. Outcome: After months of protests, an inquiry reduced the tax, and the seized lands were returned.

  4. Impact: Patel earned the title "Sardar" for his leadership, and the movement demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance in India's freedom struggle.

9. Gandhi-Irwin pact happened in which year? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 3.02.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (b) 1931
Solution:

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, to resolve the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Key Points:

  1. Release of Political Prisoners: The British agreed to release political prisoners not involved in violence.

  2. Suspension of Civil Disobedience: The Congress agreed to suspend the movement and the boycott of foreign goods.

  3. Salt Laws: People were allowed to make salt for domestic use in some areas.

  4. Constitutional Reforms: The British agreed to consult the INC on future constitutional changes.

  5. Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

10. What was the outcome of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 13.04.2021 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (b) Indian National Congress agreed to end the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Solution:

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, to resolve the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Key Points:

  1. Release of Political Prisoners: The British agreed to release political prisoners not involved in violence.

  2. Suspension of Civil Disobedience: The Congress agreed to suspend the movement and the boycott of foreign goods.

  3. Salt Laws: People were allowed to make salt for domestic use in some areas.

  4. Constitutional Reforms: The British agreed to consult the INC on future constitutional changes.

  5. Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
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