Indian History and World History (Part-35)

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, to resolve the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Key Points:

1. Release of Political Prisoners: The British agreed to release political prisoners not involved in violence.

2. Suspension of Civil Disobedience: The Congress agreed to suspend the movement and the boycott of foreign goods.

3. Salt Laws: People were allowed to make salt for domestic use in some areas.

4. Constitutional Reforms: The British agreed to consult the INC on future constitutional changes.

5. Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) included the following conditions:

1. Release of Political Prisoners: All political prisoners not involved in violence would be released.

2. End of Civil Disobedience: The Indian National Congress (INC) would suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement.

3. Right to Make Salt: People were allowed to make salt for domestic use in certain areas.

4. Restoration of Property: Confiscated property was to be returned.

5. Round Table Conferences: INC agreed to participate in the Round Table Conferences in London.

6. Consultation on Constitutional Reforms: The British government agreed to consult INC on future constitutional changes in India.

After the success of this movement, the women there gave the title of Sardar to Vallabhbhai Patel.

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a non-violent protest led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against the British-imposed 22% increase in land revenue in Bardoli, Gujarat.

Key Points:

1. Cause: British government increased taxes despite poor harvests, leading to the confiscation of farmers' land.

2. Leadership: Sardar Patel led the farmers in a peaceful resistance, urging them to refuse to pay the increased taxes.

3. Outcome: After months of protests, an inquiry reduced the tax, and the seized lands were returned.

4. Impact: Patel earned the title "Sardar" for his leadership, and the movement demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance in India's freedom struggle.

After the success of this movement, the women there gave the title of Sardar to Vallabhbhai Patel.

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a non-violent protest led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against the British-imposed 22% increase in land revenue in Bardoli, Gujarat.

Key Points:

1. Cause: British government increased taxes despite poor harvests, leading to the confiscation of farmers' land.

2. Leadership: Sardar Patel led the farmers in a peaceful resistance, urging them to refuse to pay the increased taxes.

3. Outcome: After months of protests, an inquiry reduced the tax, and the seized lands were returned.

4. Impact: Patel earned the title "Sardar" for his leadership, and the movement demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance in India's freedom struggle.

This organization was based on leftist ideology.

On October 21, 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose formed the Provisional Government of India (Azad Hind Sarkar) in Singapore.

It was recognised by Japan and Germany.

Subhas Chandra Bose assumed its leadership in July 1943.

The women's regiment of INA was named the Rani of Jhansi Regiment (Rani Laxmibai Regiment)

Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) fought against Britain in World War II along with Japan.

Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) fought against Britain in World War II along with Japan.

These battles were fought between the British Indian Army on one hand and the Azad Hind Fauj which was led by Subhas Chandra Bose and the combined army of Japan on the other.