Indian History and World History

The Stone Age is the earliest period of human history, marked by the use of stone tools. It is divided into three main phases:

1. Paleolithic Age (c. 2.5 million – 10,000 BCE)

   • Also known as the Old Stone Age

   • Humans were hunter-gatherers

   • Lived in caves and used crude stone tools

   • Discovery of fire

2. Mesolithic Age (c. 10,000 – 8,000 BCE)

   • Also called the Middle Stone Age

   • Transition period between hunting and farming

   • Use of microliths (small stone tools)

   • Beginnings of domestication

3. Neolithic Age (c. 8,000 – 3,000 BCE)

   • Known as the New Stone Age

   • Development of agriculture and permanent settlements

   • Use of polished stone tools and pottery

   • Domestication of animals

• Remains of Human figurines,
• Pottery,
• Burials, and
• metals have been found here.

The city was normally divided into two parts with streets running from North to South and East to West.

There was a proper system of drainage and the houses were built in a uniform pattern.

The length of the bathing pool built in the middle was 11.8 m, width 7.01 m and the depth 2.43 m.

A statue of a priest was found during Harappan excavations.

Lothal is the only site of the Indus Valley Civilization where evidence of a port or dock was found, which is located just east of the city.

Evidence of ploughing field was found at ‘Kalibangan’, situated on the bank of the Ghaggar river in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan. The people here knew how to grow two crops simultaneously in the same field.

The site contains the remnants of one of two main centres of the ancient Indus civilization (c.2500-1700 BCE).The other one is Harappa, some 400 miles (640 km) to the northwest in Pakistan's Punjab province.

The “great bath” was the earliest public water tank in the ancient civilization.