Indian National Movement (Part-I)

Total Questions: 50

21. Who among the following suggested the winding up of the Indian National Congress after India attained independence? [1996]

Correct Answer: (c) Mahatma Gandhi
Solution:Mahatma Gandhi suggested the winding up of the Indian National Congress after India attained independence, as its main aim to fight for Indian independence had been attained.
The Foundation of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885, stands as a cornerstone in India’s fight for independence and has played a crucial role in shaping the country’s political landscape. Before its inception, several socio-political movements and organizations laid the groundwork for the formation of the Indian National Congress.
Till 1947, there were numerous INC sessions (annual and special INC sessions) to discuss the political situation in the country and to pass resolutions on important issues. These INC sessions served as platforms for inclusive and collective decision-making and planning for the course of India’s struggle for freedom..

22. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: [1997]

List-I List-II 
A. Butler Committee Report1. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
B. Hurtog Committee Report2. Relationship between the Indian State and the Paramount Power
C. Hunter Inquiry Committee Report3. Working of Dyarchy as laid down in the -Chelmsford Reforms
D. Muddiman Committee Report4. The growth of education in British India and potentialities of its further progress

Codes:

ABCD
(a)3214
(b)1423
(c)2134
(d)2413
Correct Answer: (d)
Solution:
  • Butler Committee: This committee was established in 1927 to investigate the relationship between the British government and the princely states in India.
  • Hurtog Committee: This committee was appointed in 1929 to review the state of education in British India and suggest improvements.
  • Hunter Commission: Also known as the Disorders Inquiry Committee, this commission was formed to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, a pivotal event in the Indian independence movement.
  • Muddiman Committee: This committee was established to assess the functioning of the diarchy system implemented by the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, which introduced a degree of self-governance in India.

23. "A graduate at 18, professor and associate editor of the Sudharak at 20, Secretary of the Sarvajanik Sabha and of the Provincial Conference at 25, Secretary of the National Congress at 29, leading witness before an important Royal Commission at 31, Provincial legislator at 34, Imperial legislator at 36, President of the Indian National Congress at 39, a patriot whom Mahatma Gandhi himself regarded as his master". This is how a biographer describes: [1997]

Correct Answer: (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Solution:This statement relates to Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was born May 9, 1866 in Kotaluk, Maharashtra. Gokhale at the age of 18 graduated from Elphinstone College in 1884. He at the age of 39 became President in the 1905 session of INC held at Benaras.

24. The Poona Pact which was signed between the British Government and Mahatma Gandhi in 1934 provided for: [1997]

Correct Answer: (d) joint electorate with reservation for Harijans
Solution:Poona Pact was signed by Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes in September, 1932. The pact abandoned separate electorates for the depressed classes. But the seats reserved for the depressed classes were increased both in provincial and state legislatures.
The Communal Award, introduced on August 16, 1932, by the British colonial government under Ramsay MacDonald, was a policy designed to grant separate electorates to various religious and social communities in India, including the Dalits (then referred to as the “Depressed Classes”). While intended to empower marginalized groups, it also threatened to perpetuate the divisive communal lines and undermine the unity of the Indian freedom movement. It was in this tumultuous backdrop that the Poona Pact (1932) emerged.
It marks a pivotal moment in India’s journey towards independence and its commitment to forging a more inclusive society. The Poona Pact is the product of intense negotiations and mutual understanding between Ambedkar and Gandhi, which would ultimately reshape the political landscape and redefine the rights and representation of the Dalit community in India.

25. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: [1997]

List-I List-II
A. Morley Minto Reforms1. Country-wise agitation
B. Simon Commission2. Withdrawal of a movement
C. Chauri-Chaura incident3. Communal electrorates
D. Dandi March4. Communal outbreaks
5. Illegal manufactures of salt

Codes:

ABCD
(a)3452
(b)4123
(c)2345
(d)3125
Correct Answer: (d)
Solution:Morley-Minto reforms - 1909; Simon Commission-1927; Chauri-Chaura Incident-1922; Dandi March-1930
  • Morley Minto Reforms: These reforms introduced the concept of separate electorates for Muslims, effectively establishing communal representation in the legislative councils, marking the first instance of this system in India.
  • Simon Commission: This commission, consisting only of British members, was appointed to study Indian constitutional reforms. Their arrival sparked widespread protests and boycotts across India due to the lack of Indian representation, leading to nationwide agitation.
  • Chauri-Chaura Incident: This violent incident, where a mob set fire to a police station, resulted in the death of several policemen. In response, Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement due to its escalating violent nature.
  • Dandi March: This iconic salt satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi was aimed at protesting the British salt tax. The march symbolized defiance against oppressive laws and inspired widespread participation in the freedom struggle.

26. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: [1997]

List-I (Author) List-II (Text) 
A. Surat Split1. 1929
B. Communal Award2. 1928
C. All Party Convention3. 1932
D. Poorna Swaraj Resolution4. 1907
5. 1905

Codes:

ABCD
(a)4315
(b)4321
(c)2541
(d)1423
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:Surat split in 1907 session of INC was presided by Ras Behari Ghosh; Communal Award was announced by Ramsay McDonald in August, 1932; Poorna Swarajaya resolution was passed in 1929 session of INC at Lahore presided over by Nehru.

27. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer: [1997]

List-I List-II 
A. Chittagaon Armoury raid1. Lala Hardayal
B. Kakori Conspiracy2. Jatin Das
C. Lahore Conspiracy3. Surya Sen
D. Ghadar Party4. Ram Prasad Bismil
5. Vasudeo Phadke

Codes:

ABCD
(a)3415
(b)4325
(c)3421
(d)2431
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:The Chittagong Armoury Raid was led by Surya Sen. The Kakori Revolution was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and Alamnagar, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925. The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who belonged to the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
Jatin Das was arrested for revolutionary activities and was imprisoned in Lahore jail to be tried under the supplementary Lahore Conspiracy Case.
The founding president of Ghadar Party was Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal was the co-founder of this party.

28. M.C. Setalvad, B.N. Rao and Alladi Krishnaswamy lyer were distinguished members of the: [1997]

Correct Answer: (d) Servants of India Society
Solution:The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. All are related to this organization.

About Servants of India Society

  • The Servants of India Society (SIS) was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, along with G.K. Devadhar, A.V. Patwardhan, and N.A. Dravid, in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905.
  • According to Gokhale, the society’s objectives were to train individuals who were willing to devote their lives to the country’s cause in a religious spirit, for political education and agitation and to promote the national interest of the Indian people through constitutional means.
  • The members of the society were considered as young missionaries of Indian nationalism.
  • Several young Indian nationalists, including V.S. Srinivasa Sasthri, Hriday Nath Kunzru, and A.V. Thakkar, enrolled as a members of the SIS.
  • Members go through a five-year training period and agree to serve on extremely modest salaries.
  • In 1915 Gokhale was succeeded as president by Srinivasa Sastri (1869–1946).
  • The organization has its headquarters in Pune (Poona) and branches in Chennai (Madras), Mumbai (Bombay), Allahabad, Nagpur, and other locales.
  • Though the number of members has dwindled over time, the society has been influential in its demonstration of the ideals of social service.

29. What is the correct sequence of the following events? [1998]

1. Tilak's Home Rule League

2. Karnagatamaru Incident

3. Mahatma Gandhi's arrival in India

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Correct Answer: (d) 2, 3, 1
Solution:Tilak's Home Rule League April, 1916; Karnagatamaru Incident-September, 1914; Mahatma Gandhi's arrival in India from South Africa-1915

30. Simon Commission of 1927 was boycotted because : [1998]

Correct Answer: (a) there was no Indian member in the Commission
Solution:All the 7 members of Simon Commission were whites.

The Simon Commission (Indian Statutory Commission), formed by the British in 1927 to review the Government of India Act 1919, sparked widespread protests due to its all-British composition. Arriving in India in 1928, it was met with protests, including the iconic “Simon Go Back” demonstrations. The commission aimed to evaluate the Act, recommend reforms and address communal representation and law and order.

However, its lack of Indian representation led to its boycott, driving nationalist sentiment. The protests influenced key developments like the Nehru Report, and intensified demands for Indian self-governance, fostering new leaders and strengthening the independence movement.