Indian National Movement (Part-II)

Total Questions: 50

21. The Hunter Commission was appointed after the: [2001]

Correct Answer: (b) Jalianwalla Bagh massacre
Solution:Hunter Commission was appointed after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April 1919). Aseparate Hunter Commission (1882-83) emphsised on primary and secondary education.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, took place on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab. On this fateful day, British troops led by Colonel Reginald Dyer opened fire on a large crowd of unarmed Indian civilians gathered at Jallianwala Bagh, an enclosed public garden. The crowd had gathered to peacefully protest the arrest of two nationalist leaders and the imposition of the repressive Rowlatt Act..

22. Who among the following leaders proposed to adopt Complete Independence as the goal of the Congress in the Ahmedabad session of 1920? [2001]

Correct Answer: (b) Hasrat Mohani
Solution:Before any of the main political parties in India, CPI raised the demand of complete independence. At the 1921 session (36th) of the INC held at Ahmedabad, the party made its presence known among the delegates through the distribution of a manifesto. The manifesto, signed by M. N. Roy and Abani Mukherjee, demanded complete independence from British rule and asked the INC to sever all connections with the British Empire and offer full support to the struggles of the working class and peasantry. The manifesto was mailed to other parts of the country also. The influence that the manifesto exerted on the delegates and participants could be seen from the fact that a radical Congressman, Maulana Hazrat Mohani, moved a resolution in favour of complete Independence.

23. Who among the following organized the famous Chittagong Armoury raid? [2001]

Correct Answer: (b) Surya Sen
Solution:The raid was conducted in April 1930 by Surya Sen and involved 65 activists under the banner of Indian Republican army-Chittagong Branch. Surya Sen was arrested in Feb 1933 and hanged in Jan 1934.

• The Chittagong Armoury Raid commenced on 18 April 1930, marking a significant act of heroism and resolute action.

• Seizing of Armouries: Led by Ganesh Ghosh, a group of revolutionaries captured the police armoury, while another team, led by Lokenath Bal, seized the Auxiliary Forces armoury.
• Operation: Around 65 revolutionaries participated in the operation, carried out under the banner of the Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch.
• Disruption of British Communications: Although they failed to find ammunition, the revolutionaries successfully cut telephone and telegraph lines, disrupting train services.
• Proclamation of Provisional Government: About 16 revolutionaries seized the European Club headquarters in Pahartali. With few members present due to Good Friday, the alarm was raised, and nearby troops responded, catching the revolutionaries off guard.
• Declaration of Independence: Following the raids, Surya Sen performed a military salute, raised the national flag, declared a Provisional Revolutionary Govern..

24. A London branch of the All India Muslim League was established in 1908 under the presidency of: [2001]

Correct Answer: (b) Ameer Ali
Solution:Syed Ameer Ali established a branch of the League in London in 1908, supporting the same objectives.
The Muslim League was established to address the political and socio-economic issues facing Muslims in British India. Its primary objective was to protect Muslim interests by ensuring proper representation and safeguarding communal rights against majority dominance.
Additionally, the league aimed to foster loyalty to the British government, positioning itself as a cooperative body to advocate for Muslim concerns.
It also worked to secure political representation through measures like separate electorates, ensuring that Muslims had a meaningful voice in legislative processes..

25. Who among the following was the President of the All India States' Peoples' Conference in 1939? [2001]

Correct Answer: (c) Jawahar Lal Nehru
Solution:The All India States Peoples' Conference was a political organization in India during the British Raj. The first session of the organisation was held in Bombay in December 1927. Nehru was its president between 1935-1947.
Jawaharlal Nehru, a central figure in India’s freedom struggle and its first Prime Minister, played a crucial role in shaping the nation’s democratic, socialist, and secular framework. Nehru’s leadership during pivotal moments of the independence movement, including the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements, cemented his place as a leading nationalist.
As Prime Minister from 1947 to 1964, Nehru focused on building India’s institutions, promoting industrialization, and establishing a non-aligned foreign policy. His vision for a modern, united, and secular India remains a cornerstone of the country’s development and governance.

26. With reference to the period of extremist nationalist movement in India with its spirit of Swadeshi, which one of the following statements in not correct? [2002]

Correct Answer: (a) Liaquat Hussain led the Muslim peasants of Barisal in their agitation
Solution:Liakat Hussain did not lead the Barisal movement of peasant. Barisal movement was for salt breaking during civil disobedience movement.
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) is regarded as the second major mass movement and a distinct advancement in widening the social reach of India’s struggle for freedom after the Non-Cooperation Movement. Known also as Salt Satyagraha, it was also the first time when Congress put the objective of complete independence to the British authority as well as to the Indian masses.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was formally launched by Mahatma Gandhi on 6 April 1930 by breaking salt law after his historic Dandi March. It was followed by the widespread arrest of national leaders throughout the nation..

27. With reference to the Indian freedom struggle, which one of the following statements is not correct? [2002]

Correct Answer: (c) The All-India Muslim League which was formed in 1906 vehemently opposed the partition of Bengal and separate electorates
Solution:TheAll-India Muslim League foundedat Dacca (now Dhaka, Bangladesh), in the Bengal Presidency, in 1906. It supported the partition of Bengal to create a majority of Muslims after partition of the province.
The background of the Muslim League’s foundation can be traced to the growing concerns among the Muslim elite in British India, especially after the establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885.
Declining Muslim Influence: After the Mughal Empire collapsed and British rule was established, Muslims’ political and economic power declined. In the late nineteenth century, Hindu cultural and religious movements reemerged, which some Muslims saw as a threat to their identity.
Formation of Indian National Congress: The INC, founded in 1885, was seen by some Muslim leaders as primarily representing Hindu interests.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, a highly esteemed leader of the Muslim community, cautioned Indian Muslims against joining the Congress, emphasising the importance of safeguarding Muslim interests..

28. The real intention of the British for including the princely states in the Federal Union proposed by the India Act of 1935 was to: [2002]

Correct Answer: (d) use the princes to counter-balance the anti-imperialist doctrines of the nationalist leaders
Solution:The real intention of the British to include the princely states in the Federal Union proposed by the India Act of 1935 was to use the princes to counter balance the anti imperialist doctrines of the nationalist leaders.
About Government of India Act, 1935
• The Government of India Act of 1935 was a landmark piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament.
• It was introduced in response to the failure of the three Round Table Conferences and the need for constitutional reform in India.
• In March 1933, the British Government set up a committee with 20 representatives from British India and seven from Indian States to draft the provisions of the Act.
• After numerous meetings between 1933 and 1934, the committee submitted its report, which led to the bill’s eventual passing in February 1935.
• The Act received royal assent on July 24, 1935, and became effective on April 1, 1937.
• At the time, it was the longest Act ever passed by the British Parliament, comprising 32 sections, 14 parts, and ten schedules.

29. The President of Indian National Congress at the time of partition of India was: [2002]

Correct Answer: (b) J. B. Kripalani
Solution:Acharya J.B. Kriplani was the Indian National Congress President (Nov, 1946-Dec 1947). In 1946, the INC session was held at Merrut.
• Acharya Kripalani was a prominent Indian educator, social activist, and politician in both pre-and post-independence India.
• Pre-independence:
▪ Kripalani was prominently involved over a decade in top Congress party affairs, and in the organisation of the Salt Satyagraha and the Quit India Movement.
▪ He was a close associate of Mohandas K. Gandhi and a longtime supporter of his ideology.
▪ Kripalani served in the interim government of India (1946–1947) and the Constituent Assembly of India.
• Congress presidency:
▪ He was an Indian politician noted particularly for holding the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947.
• Post-independence:
• Kripalani was a harsh critic of both Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi.
• He opposed Nehru’s policies, which he thought were against Gandhian values, and later opposed Indira’s policies too.
• He joined the economically right-wing Swatantra Party later in life.

30. With reference to colonial period of Indian history, match List-I (Person) with List-II (Event) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: [2002]

List-I List-II 
A. Macdonald1. Doctrine of Lapse
B. Linlithgo2. Communal Award
C. Dalhousie3. August Offer
D. Chelmsford4. Dyarchy

Codes:

ABCD
(a)3214
(b)3241
(c)2314
(d)2341
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:The Communal Award was announced by British PM. Ramsay McDonald in August 1932. August Offer - 1940; Under Doctrine of Lapse, Dalhousie annexed Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur and Awadh. Government of India Act 1919, introduced diarchy during the viceroyality of Chelmsford.