Indian National Movement (Part-IV)

Total Questions: 43

21. Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British rule? [2017-1]

1. Lord Cornwallis

2. Alexander Reed

3. Thomas Munro

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only
Solution:Ruling the Country Side lists following combinations: Lord Cornwallis: Permanent settlement system (1793). So, #1 is wrong and by elimination we are left with answer "C". Many, then Madras officials led by Reed and Munro recommended that settlement should therefore be made directly with the actual cultivators. They also pointed out that under the Permanent Settlement the Company was a financial loser as it had to share the revenues with the zamindars and could not claim a share of the growing income from land.

22. Consider the following pairs: [2017-1]

1. Radhakanta Deb: First President of the British Indian Association

2. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty: Founder of the Madras Mahajana Sabba

3. Surendranath Banerjee: Founder of the Indian Association

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

Correct Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Solution:

The British Indian Association was formed in 1851 in Calcutta by merging the Landholders' Society and the Bengal British India Society. This association was a prominent body representing the interests of Indian landowners and some educated classes. Historical records indicate that Raja Radhakanta Deb was indeed its first president.
The Madras Mahajana Sabha was founded in Madras in 1884, Key founders included M. Viraraghavachari, G. Subramania Iyer, and P. Ananda Charlu. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty was a prominent figure in Madras Presidency much earlier, known for founding the Madras Native Association in 1849. He was not a founder of the Madras Mahajana Sabha.
The Indian Association was founded in Calcutta in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose. This organization aimed to represent the interests of the educated middle class and foster national consciousness. Surendranath Banerjee played a leading role in its formation and activities.

23. In the context of Indian history, the principle of "Dyarchy (diarchy)" refers to [2017-1]

Correct Answer: (d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.
Solution:

The Dyarchy system of double government was defined as a separation of each provincial government’s executive branch into authoritarian and popularly accountable components. The first was made up of executive Councillors, who were again nominated by the crown. The second was made up of ministers chosen by the governor from among the provincial legislature’s elected members. The ministers that came after were Indians

24. WithreferencetoIndianfreedomstruggle,considerthefollowing events: [2017-1]

1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy

2. Quit India Movement launched

3. Second Round Table Conference

What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

Correct Answer: (c) 3-2-1
Solution:

  • 1. Second Round Table Conference (September–December 1931)
    • Event: Mahatma Gandhi attended as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.
    • Significance: Discussed constitutional reforms for India.

    2. Quit India Movement (August 1942)
    • Event:
    Launched by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress, demanding immediate British withdrawal.
    • Significance:
    A mass civil disobedience movement and call for an end to British rule, sometimes called the “August Revolution”.

    3. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy (February 1946)
    • Event:
    A significant naval uprising against British officers by non-commissioned officers and sailors.
    • Significance:
    The mutiny, which started with protests over poor conditions, pay, and food, contributed to the weakening of British control and accelerated the move towards Indian independence.

25. The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to? [2017-1]

Correct Answer: (d) Improve the relationship between the Government of India and the Indian States.
Solution:

Sir Harcourt Butler chaired a three-member committee appointed by his Majesty’s Government in Britain in 1927 to inquire into the relationship between the Indian Princely States and the British Government of India. The British group, consisting of Sir Harcourt Butler, Prof. W.S. Holdsworth and S.C. Peel, was called the Indian States Committee. They visited sixteen Princely States. They submitted their report in February 1929. The Butler committee gave the following recommendations:
(i) Paramountcy must remain supreme and must fulfil its obligations, adopting and defining itself according to the shifting necessities of time amid progressive development of states.
(ii) The states were bound by treaties with the Crown, and the states should not be handed over without the ruler’s prior consent to an Indian Government in British India responsible to an Indian Legislature.
(iii) The Viceroy, not the Governor-General in Council was to be the Crown agent in dealing states.

26. The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for : [2017-1]

Correct Answer: (d) a system of tribunals and a ban on strikes.
Solution:The Trade disputes Act of April 1929 imposed a system of tribunals and tried to ban strikes 'undertaken for objects other than furtherance of a trade dispute or if designed to coerce Government and/or inflict hardships on the community.' Hence "D" is the answer.

key provisions of the Trade Disputes Act of 1929:
• Establishment of Tribunals:
The Act made provisions for the establishment of Courts of Inquiry and Boards of Conciliation.
This created a system of tribunals to investigate and settle industrial disputes.
• Restrictions on Strikes and Lockouts:
Required a 15-day written notice before initiating strikes or lockouts in public utility services (e.g., posts, railways, water, and electricity).
Declared any strike or lockout illegal if it pursued objectives other than the furtherance of a trade dispute within the trade or industry.
Imposed significant restrictions on the ability of workers to strike, especially without prior notice.
• Focus on Dispute Resolution:
The main object of the Act was to provide a formal mechanism for the resolution of industrial disputes.
Aimed to ensure continuity of public utility services by regulating strikes and lockouts.

27. Consider the following statements: [2017-1]

1. The Factories Act, 1881 was passed with a view to fix the wages of industrial workers and to allow the workers to form trade unions.

2. N.M. Lokhande was a pioneer in organizing the labour movement in British India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only
Solution:Lord Ripon introduced the Factory Act of 1881 to improve the service condition of the factory workers in India. The Act banned the appointment of children below the age of seven in factories. It reduced the working hours for children. It made compulsory for all dangerous machines in the factories to be properly fenced to ensure security to the workers. So statement #1 is wrong.

In Bombay, middle class philanthropic efforts to improve labour conditions began fairly early with N.M. Lokhende starting weekly Dinabandhu in 1880....and even starting a Bombay Mill-hands Association in 1890. So, statement #2 is right. Hence "B" is the answer.

28. He wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji and Shrikrishna; stayed in America for some time; and was also elected to the Central Assembly. [2018-1]

Correct Answer: (c) Lala Lajpat Rai
Solution:

Lala Lajpat Rai, also known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of Punjab), was a prominent nationalist leader, freedom fighter, and social reformer. Rai played a crucial role in India’s independence movement, particularly through his leadership in the extremist wing of the Indian National Congress (INC) alongside Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, forming the famous Lal-Bal-Pal trio. A staunch advocate of Swarai, Rai also led protests against the Simon Commission in 1928, where he sustained fatal injuries. In addition to his political career, he was a social reformer who championed education and fought against caste discrimination. His writings and journalistic endeavours further galvanised public opinion against British rule.
Lala Lajpat Rai was a prolific writer and journalist. He founded and edited several newspapers, including Vande Mataram, and Arya Gazette, which became platforms for disseminating nationalist ideas.
Rai also authored several books, including Young India, England’s Debt to India, The Story of My Deportation, and Unhappy India, and a series of popular biographies on Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Swami Dayanand. His literary contributions were vital in shaping public opinion against colonial rule.

29. Afterthe Santhal Uprisingsubsided, whatwas/werethemeasure/measures taken by the colonial government? [2018-1]

1. The territories called 'Santhal Paraganas' were create(d)

2. It became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a non-Santhal

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:
  • It was after the Santhal Revolt (1855-56) that the Santhal Pargana was created, carving out 5,500 square miles from the districts of Bhagalpur and Birbhum. The colonial state hoped that by creating a new territory for the Santhals and imposing some special laws within it, the Santhals could be conciliate(d) So statement#1 is right.
  • After the revolt was suppressed the British government passed the the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act (SPT), which prohibits the transfer of lan(d) So, statement#2 also right.

30. Which one of the following is a very significant aspect of the Champaran Satyagraha? [2018-1]

Correct Answer: (c) Joining of peasant unrest to India's National Movement
Solution:Option (a), (b) and (d) are irrelevant to Champaran Satyagrah(a)
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 marked a pivotal moment in India’s fight for independence, being the first Satyagraha movement against British colonial rule led by Mahatma Gandhi. The movement took place in Champaran, Bihar, where indigo farmers suffered under the oppressive ‘Teen Kathia’ system, forcing them to grow indigo on a portion of their land. The European planters exploited the farmers, imposing unfair taxes and harsh terms.
However, Gandhi’s leadership in the movement not only secured relief for the farmers but also laid the foundation for future mass movements. As a result, the success of the Champaran Satyagraha became a powerful example of peaceful protest, inspiring widespread participation and strengthening the Indian independence struggle.